Cusack Margaret, Vezenkova Nadya, Gottschalk Christopher, Calin-Jageman Robert J
Department of Psychology, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2015 Nov 4;10(11):e0140806. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140806. eCollection 2015.
Burgmer and Englich (2012) have reported that manipulating feelings of power can substantially improve performance on two motor tasks: golf and darts. We conducted two high-powered direct replications of the effects of power on golf, two online conceptual replications using mirror-tracing as a performance measure, and an additional conceptual replication using a cognitive performance measure (word-search). Overall, we found little to no effect of power on motor skill (d = 0.09, 95% CI[-0.07, 0.22], n = 603). We varied task difficulty, re-analyzed data without participants showing weak responses on manipulation checks, and tried adjusting performance scores for age, gender, and initial task skill. None of these secondary analyses revealed a strong effect of power on performance. A meta-analysis integrating our data with Burgmer & Englich leaves open the possibility that manipulating power could provide a modest boost in motor skill (d = 0.19, 95% CI [0.001, 0.38], n = 685). Unfortunately, the pattern of performance changes we observed was unrelated to group differences in perceived and rated power, suggesting that what motor effects do occur with this protocol may not be directly related to the construct of power. [Burgmer, P., &Englich, B. (2012). Bullseye!: How Power Improves Motor Performance. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(2), 224-232.].
伯格默和恩利希（2012年）报告称，操控权力感能显著提高高尔夫和飞镖这两项运动任务的表现。我们对权力对高尔夫影响进行了两次强有力的直接复制研究，使用镜像追踪作为表现指标进行了两次在线概念性复制研究，以及使用一项认知表现指标（单词搜索）进行了一次额外的概念性复制研究。总体而言，我们发现权力对运动技能几乎没有影响（d = 0.09，95%置信区间[-0.07, 0.22]，n = 603）。我们改变了任务难度，在排除在操控检验中反应较弱的参与者后重新分析数据，并尝试针对年龄、性别和初始任务技能调整表现得分。这些二次分析均未揭示权力对表现有强烈影响。一项将我们的数据与伯格默和恩利希的数据整合的元分析表明，操控权力有可能适度提升运动技能（d = 0.19，95%置信区间[0.001, 0.38]，n = 685）。不幸的是，我们观察到的表现变化模式与感知和评定权力的组间差异无关，这表明该实验方案所产生的运动效应可能与权力结构并无直接关联。[伯格默，P.，&恩利希，B.（2012年）。《正中靶心！：权力如何提升运动表现》。《社会心理与人格科学》，4(2)，224 - 232。]
