Jack Robert S
Department of Immunology, University of Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse DZ 7, Greifswald, D-17487, Germany.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2015;57:1-20. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20819-0_1.
Host and pathogen engage in a constant evolutionary struggle known as a "Red Queen Paradigm". In this struggle, natural selection favours the pathogen which evolves effective virulence mechanisms and the host which is able to field adequate resistance strategies. A number of factors limit what each side can do. These include the fact that the elaboration of virulence or resistance mechanisms results in costs in genetic fitness and requires the use of ever more of the limited number of genes available in the genome. In addition, since the pathogen usually has a very much shorter generation time than the host, it can fix new virulence mutations much more quickly than the host can evolve matching resistance mechanisms. Finally, the host must ensure that its defence system does not result in unacceptable levels of collateral damage to its own tissues. This chapter briefly outlines how these considerations shape host-pathogen interactions.
宿主与病原体之间进行着一场持续的进化斗争，即所谓的“红皇后范式”。在这场斗争中，自然选择青睐能够进化出有效致病机制的病原体以及能够部署充分抵抗策略的宿主。有许多因素限制了双方的能力。这些因素包括：阐述致病或抵抗机制会导致遗传适应性方面的代价，并且需要利用基因组中数量有限的基因。此外，由于病原体的世代时间通常比宿主短得多，它能够比宿主进化出匹配的抵抗机制更快地固定新的致病突变。最后，宿主必须确保其防御系统不会对自身组织造成不可接受程度的附带损害。本章简要概述了这些因素如何塑造宿主与病原体之间的相互作用。
