Park Yoon-Dong, Williamson Peter R
Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Rm 11N222, MSC 1888, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2015 Dec 10;1(3):397-421. doi: 10.3390/jof1030397.
Pathogens reduce immune recognition of their cell surfaces using a variety of inert structural polysaccharides. For example, capsular polysaccharides play critical roles in microbial survival strategies. Capsules are widely distributed among bacterial species, but relatively rare in eukaryotic microorganisms, where they have evolved considerable complexity in structure and regulation and are exemplified by that of the HIV/AIDS-related fungus . Endemic fungi that affect normal hosts such as and have also evolved protective polysaccharide coverings in the form of immunologically inert α-(1,3)-glucan polysaccharides to protect their more immunogenic β-(1,3)-glucan-containing cell walls. In this review we provide a comparative update on bacterial and fungal capsular structures and immunogenic properties as well as the polysaccharide masking strategies of endemic fungal pathogens.
病原体利用多种惰性结构多糖来降低其细胞表面的免疫识别。例如，荚膜多糖在微生物生存策略中发挥着关键作用。荚膜广泛分布于细菌物种中，但在真核微生物中相对较少见，在真核微生物中它们在结构和调控方面已经进化出相当的复杂性，以与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的真菌为例。影响正常宿主如[具体宿主1]和[具体宿主2]的地方性真菌也进化出了免疫惰性的α-(1,3)-葡聚糖多糖形式的保护性多糖覆盖物，以保护其免疫原性更强的含β-(1,3)-葡聚糖的细胞壁。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于细菌和真菌荚膜结构、免疫原性特性以及地方性真菌病原体多糖掩盖策略的比较性更新内容。
