Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, SE-113 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Jan;74(1):44-51. doi: 10.1111/cod.12492. Epub 2015 Nov 5.
Contact allergy is common among adults. However, little is known about the prevalence in adolescents.
To assess the prevalence of allergy to common contact allergens in Swedish adolescents in the general population.
The BAMSE cohort is a population-based birth cohort with the main aim of studying the risk factors for asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Patch testing was performed at the 16-year follow-up. The test (TRUE Test(®) ) was applied at home, and removed 2 days later by nurses, who recorded and photographed the results. Dermatologists made final assessments on the basis of photographs and protocols.
Two thousand two hundred and eighty-five participants (88% of all 16-year follow-up participants) were patch tested; 15.3% had at least one positive reaction. Contact allergy was more common in girls than in boys (17.0% versus 13.4%, p = 0.018). Sensitization to nickel was most common (7.5%), followed by sensitization to fragrance mix I (2.1%) and p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin (1.9%). Nickel allergy was more frequent in girls (9.8% versus 4.9%, p < 0.001). Solitary sensitization to cobalt was more common than co-sensitization to nickel and cobalt.
The prevalence of contact allergy in adolescents is of almost the same high magnitude as in adults. The applied method was feasible in the population-based setting.
接触过敏在成年人中很常见。然而，对于青少年中的流行情况知之甚少。
评估普通接触过敏原在瑞典普通青少年人群中的过敏发生率。
BAMSE 队列是一项基于人群的出生队列研究，主要目的是研究哮喘、鼻炎和特应性皮炎的危险因素。在 16 岁随访时进行斑贴试验。测试（TRUE Test(®)）在家中进行，由护士在 2 天后去除，并记录和拍摄结果。皮肤科医生根据照片和方案进行最终评估。
共有 2285 名参与者（所有 16 岁随访参与者的 88%）进行了斑贴试验；15.3%至少有一个阳性反应。女性的接触过敏比男性更常见（17.0%比 13.4%，p=0.018）。对镍的敏感性最常见（7.5%），其次是对香料混合物 I（2.1%）和对叔丁基苯酚甲醛树脂（1.9%）的敏感性。女性的镍过敏更常见（9.8%比 4.9%，p<0.001）。对钴的单一敏感性比对镍和钴的共同敏感性更常见。
青少年接触过敏的患病率与成年人几乎相同。所应用的方法在基于人群的环境中是可行的。
