青少年特应性皮炎、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎以及手部和接触性皮炎的患病率。欧登塞青少年特应性疾病和皮炎队列研究。

Prevalence of atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and hand and contact dermatitis in adolescents. The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study on Atopic Diseases and Dermatitis.

作者信息

Mortz C G, Lauritsen J M, Bindslev-Jensen C, Andersen K E

机构信息

Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.

出版信息

Br J Dermatol. 2001 Mar;144(3):523-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04078.x.

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04078.x

PMID:11260009

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Atopic diseases are common in children and adolescents. However, epidemiological knowledge is sparse for hand eczema and allergic contact dermatitis in this age group. Furthermore, no population-based studies have evaluated the prevalence of atopic diseases and hand and contact dermatitis in the same group of adolescents.

OBJECTIVES

To assess prevalence measures of atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, allergic rhinitis and hand and contact dermatitis in adolescents in Odense municipality, Denmark.

METHODS

The study was carried out as a cross-sectional study among 1501 eighth grade school children (age 12-16 years) and included questionnaire, interview, clinical examination and patch testing.

RESULTS

The lifetime prevalence of AD was 21.3% (girls 25.7% vs. boys 17.0%, P < 0.001) using predefined questionnaire criteria. The 1-year period prevalence of AD was 6.7% and the point prevalence 3.6% (Hanifin and Rajka criteria). In the interview the lifetime prevalence of inhalant allergy was estimated as 17.7% (6.9% allergic asthma, 15.7% allergic rhinitis). The lifetime prevalence of hand eczema based on the questionnaire was 9.2%, the 1-year period prevalence was 7.3% and the point prevalence 3.2%, with a significant predominance in girls. A significant association was found both between AD and inhalant allergy, and between AD and hand eczema using lifetime prevalence measures. The point prevalence of contact allergy was 15.2% (girls 19.4% vs. boys 10.3%, P < 0.001), and present or past allergic contact dermatitis was found in 7.2% (girls 11.3% vs. boys 2.5%). Contact allergy was most common to nickel (8.6%) and fragrance mix (1.8%).

CONCLUSIONS

High prevalence figures were found for atopic diseases, hand eczema and allergic contact dermatitis, and the diseases were closely associated. A considerable number of adolescents still suffers from AD, and a considerable sex difference was noted for hand eczema and allergic contact dermatitis. Nickel allergy and perfume allergy were the major contact allergies. In the future this cohort of eighth grade school children will be followed up with regard to the course and development of atopic diseases, hand eczema and contact dermatitis.

摘要

背景

特应性疾病在儿童和青少年中很常见。然而，关于该年龄组手部湿疹和过敏性接触性皮炎的流行病学知识却很匮乏。此外，尚无基于人群的研究评估同一组青少年中特应性疾病以及手部和接触性皮炎的患病率。

目的

评估丹麦欧登塞市青少年中特应性皮炎（AD）、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎以及手部和接触性皮炎的患病率指标。

方法

该研究以横断面研究的方式对1501名八年级学童（年龄12 - 16岁）开展，包括问卷调查、访谈、临床检查和斑贴试验。

结果

根据预定义的问卷标准，AD的终生患病率为21.3%（女孩为25.7%，男孩为17.0%，P < 0.001）。AD的1年期间患病率为6.7%，现患率为3.6%（Hanifin和Rajka标准）。在访谈中，吸入性过敏的终生患病率估计为17.7%（过敏性哮喘为6.9%，过敏性鼻炎为15.7%）。基于问卷的手部湿疹终生患病率为9.2%，1年期间患病率为7.3%，现患率为3.2%，女孩患病率显著更高。使用终生患病率指标发现，AD与吸入性过敏之间以及AD与手部湿疹之间均存在显著关联。接触性过敏的现患率为15.2%（女孩为19.4%，男孩为10.3%，P < 0.001），7.2%的人存在现患或既往过敏性接触性皮炎（女孩为11.3%，男孩为2.5%）。对镍（8.6%）和香料混合物（1.8%）的接触性过敏最为常见。