Weiss J M, Sundar S K, Becker K J, Cierpial M A
Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
J Clin Psychiatry. 1989 May;50 Suppl:43-53; discussion 54-5.
A series of experiments examined effects of stressful conditions on several cellular immune responses and attempted to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying these effects. Initial studies showed that stressful conditions can profoundly suppress immune responses of blood and splenic lymphocytes, including T-cell mitogenesis, natural killer cell activity, production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon and IL-2 receptor expression. Subsequent studies found that (1) multiple physiological pathways mediate stress-induced suppression of these responses; (2) stress-induced suppression of these responses is produced, at least in part, by a peptide with molecular weight greater than 10 kilodaltons, which stressed animals release into circulation; (3) whereas most stressful conditions suppress immune responses, stressful conditions of moderate intensity can enhance cellular immune responses; and (4) extremely small quantities of interleukin-1 (IL-1) acting in the brain (e.g., 3.1-12.4 X 10(-15) moles) bring about suppression of cellular immune responses very rapidly and for a prolonged period of time. The relationship between the newly-discovered immunosuppressive influence of IL-1 in the brain and immunosuppression produced by stressful conditions remains to be determined.
一系列实验研究了应激条件对几种细胞免疫反应的影响，并试图阐明这些影响背后的生理机制。初步研究表明，应激条件可显著抑制血液和脾淋巴细胞的免疫反应，包括T细胞有丝分裂、自然杀伤细胞活性、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和干扰素的产生以及IL-2受体表达。后续研究发现：（1）多种生理途径介导应激诱导的这些反应的抑制；（2）应激诱导的这些反应的抑制至少部分是由一种分子量大于10千道尔顿的肽产生的，应激动物将其释放到循环中；（3）虽然大多数应激条件会抑制免疫反应，但中等强度的应激条件可增强细胞免疫反应；（4）极少量作用于大脑的白细胞介素-1（IL-1）（例如3.1 - 12.4×10⁻¹⁵摩尔）可非常迅速且长时间地抑制细胞免疫反应。大脑中IL-1新发现的免疫抑制作用与应激条件产生的免疫抑制之间的关系仍有待确定。
