Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China.
Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jan 15;542(Pt A):620-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.148. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
Extreme and uncontrolled usage of pesticides produces a number of problems for vegetation and human health. In this study, the existence of organophosphates (OPs), organochlorines (OCs), pyrethroids (PYs) and fungicides (FUs) were investigated in persimmons/jujubes and their planted soils, which were collected from China. One OP (dimethoate), three OCs (DDT, quintozene and aldrin), six PYs (bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin) and two FUs (triadimefon and buprofezin) were found in 36.4% of persimmons and 70.8% of jujubes, with concentrations from 1.0 μg/kg to 2945.0 μg/kg. The most frequently detected pesticides in the two fruits were fenpropathrin in persimmons and cypermethrin in jujubes, with the detection frequencies of 30.0% and 22.7%, respectively. The residues of 4.5% (persimmon) and 25.0% (jujube) of samples were higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of China. Compared with the fruits, more types of pesticides and higher residues were observed in their planted soils. The most frequently detected pesticides were HCH in persimmon soil and DDT in jujube soil, with the detection frequencies of 10.9% and 12.7%, respectively. For the tested samples, 39.1% of fruit samples and 63.0% of soil samples with multiple residues (containing more than two pesticides) were noted, even up to 8 residues in fruits and 14 residues in soils. Except for cyhalothrin, the other short-term risks for the tested pesticides in the fruits were below 10%, and the highest long-term risk was 14.13% for aldrin and dieldrin. There was no significant health risk for consumers via consumption of the two fruits.
过度和不受控制地使用农药会给植被和人类健康带来许多问题。在这项研究中，对从中国采集的柿子/枣及其种植土壤中的有机磷（OPs）、有机氯（OCs）、拟除虫菊酯（PYs）和杀真菌剂（FUs）进行了调查。在 36.4%的柿子和 70.8%的枣中发现了一种 OP（乐果）、三种 OCs（DDT、五氯苯、艾氏剂）、六种 PYs（联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、戊氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯）和两种 FUs（三唑酮和噻虫嗪），浓度从 1.0μg/kg 到 2945.0μg/kg。这两种水果中最常检测到的农药是在柿子中检测到的甲氰菊酯和在枣中检测到的氯氰菊酯，检测频率分别为 30.0%和 22.7%。4.5%（柿子）和 25.0%（枣）的样品残留量高于中国的最大残留限量（MRLs）。与水果相比，在其种植土壤中观察到更多类型的农药和更高的残留量。最常检测到的农药是在柿子土壤中检测到的 HCH 和在枣土壤中检测到的 DDT，检测频率分别为 10.9%和 12.7%。在所测试的样本中，39.1%的水果样本和 63.0%的土壤样本存在多种残留（含有两种以上农药），甚至在水果中有 8 种残留，在土壤中有 14 种残留。除氯氟氰菊酯外，水果中测试农药的短期风险均低于 10%，最高的长期风险是艾氏剂和狄氏剂为 14.13%。消费者食用这两种水果不存在显著的健康风险。
