Guo Yan-Yan, Tian Jun-Ce, Shi Wang-Peng, Dong Xue-Hui, Romeis Jörg, Naranjo Steven E, Hellmich Richard L, Shelton Anthony M
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station (NYSAES), Geneva, NY, USA.
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Transgenic Res. 2016 Feb;25(1):33-44. doi: 10.1007/s11248-015-9917-1. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
Crops producing insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are an important tool for managing lepidopteran pests on cotton and maize. However, the effects of these Bt crops on non-target organisms, especially natural enemies that provide biological control services, are required to be addressed in an environmental risk assessment. Amblyseius andersoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a cosmopolitan predator of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), a significant pest of cotton and maize. Tri-trophic studies were conducted to assess the potential effects of Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab cotton and Cry1F maize on life history parameters (survival rate, development time, fecundity and egg hatching rate) of A. andersoni. We confirmed that these Bt crops have no effects on the biology of T. urticae and, in turn, that there were no differences in any of the life history parameters of A. andersoni when it fed on T. urticae feeding on Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab or non-Bt cotton and Cry1F or non-Bt maize. Use of a susceptible insect assay demonstrated that T. urticae contained biologically active Cry proteins. Cry proteins concentrations declined greatly as they moved from plants to herbivores to predators and protein concentration did not appear to be related to mite density. Free-choice experiments revealed that A. andersoni had no preference for Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab cotton or Cry1F maize-reared T. urticae compared with those reared on non-Bt cotton or maize. Collectively these results provide strong evidence that these crops can complement other integrated pest management tactics including biological control.
能产生来自苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）杀虫晶体（Cry）蛋白的作物是防治棉花和玉米上鳞翅目害虫的重要工具。然而，在环境风险评估中需要探讨这些Bt作物对非靶标生物的影响，尤其是提供生物防治服务的天敌。安德森钝绥螨（蜱螨亚纲：植绥螨科）是二斑叶螨（蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科）的一种广布性捕食者，二斑叶螨是棉花和玉米的重要害虫。开展了三营养级研究，以评估Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab棉花和Cry1F玉米对安德森钝绥螨生活史参数（存活率、发育时间、繁殖力和卵孵化率）的潜在影响。我们证实这些Bt作物对二斑叶螨的生物学特性没有影响，相应地，当安德森钝绥螨取食取食Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab棉花或非Bt棉花以及Cry1F玉米或非Bt玉米的二斑叶螨时，其任何生活史参数均无差异。使用敏感昆虫试验表明二斑叶螨含有生物活性Cry蛋白。Cry蛋白浓度从植物转移到植食性动物再到捕食性动物时大幅下降，且蛋白浓度似乎与叶螨密度无关。自由选择试验表明，与取食非Bt棉花或玉米饲养的二斑叶螨相比，安德森钝绥螨对取食Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab棉花或Cry1F玉米饲养的二斑叶螨没有偏好。总体而言，这些结果提供了有力证据，表明这些作物可以补充包括生物防治在内的其他综合害虫管理策略。
