Vélez-van-Meerbeke A, Talero-Gutiérrez C, Zamora-Miramón I, Guzmán-Ramírez G M
Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias NeURos, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias NeURos, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Neurologia. 2017 Apr;32(3):158-165. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.09.001. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
Multiple studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have recognised a heritability factor in that a higher frequency of the disorder is observed in children with an affected relative. Our aim was to determine the association between ADHD symptoms in young children enrolled in five schools in Bogota and a history of ADHD symptoms in their parents using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale.
Case-control study of participants selected according to DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) completed by parents and teachers; the WISC-IV scale was used to exclude children with cognitive deficit. Parents completed the Wender-Utah Rating Scale to retrospectively identify any ADHD symptoms in childhood. A score of 36 was used as a cutoff point.
The study included 202 children: 117 cases and 85 controls. A positive history of ADHD symptoms in childhood was identified for 16% of 175 mothers and 20.6% of 141 fathers. The presence of symptoms in either parent, especially the mother, constitutes a significant risk factor for ADHD in children and this relationship persists after controlling for different variables. If both parents have the disorder, the risk tends to increase.
Although ADHD has been linked to a genetic component, other environmental factors may be involved in the disorder.
多项关于注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的研究已经认识到一个遗传因素，即在有患病亲属的儿童中，该疾病的发病率更高。我们的目的是使用温德-犹他评定量表来确定波哥大五所学校的幼儿ADHD症状与其父母的ADHD症状病史之间的关联。
根据ADHD的DSM-IV标准和家长及教师完成的儿童行为评估系统（BASC）对参与者进行病例对照研究；使用韦氏儿童智力量表第四版（WISC-IV）排除有认知缺陷的儿童。家长完成温德-犹他评定量表以回顾性确定童年时期的任何ADHD症状。以36分为临界值。
该研究纳入了202名儿童：117例病例和85名对照。在175名母亲中有16%、141名父亲中有20.6%有童年ADHD症状的阳性病史。父母任何一方出现症状，尤其是母亲，是儿童患ADHD的一个重要风险因素，并且在控制了不同变量后这种关系依然存在。如果父母双方都患有该疾病，风险往往会增加。
尽管ADHD与遗传因素有关，但其他环境因素可能也与该疾病有关。
