Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Neurologia. 2013 Jul-Aug;28(6):348-55. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2012.06.011. Epub 2012 Aug 18.
To identify impairment of executive functions (EF) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
A case-control study was performed on a sample of schoolchildren with low socioeconomic levels in Bogota, Colombia. ADHD was diagnosed using the DSM IV checklist and the Behavior Assessment System for Children scale. Children with cognitive deficits were excluded. We evaluated scores from six measurements of executive function (EF). We conducted a bivariate statistical analysis to compare the variables, a multivariate study controlled by sex and age, and a logistic regression analysis.
The study sample included 119 children with ADHD and 85 controls, all aged between 6 and 12 years. Controlling by sex, age, and type of school showed that EF measurements in children with ADHD were significantly more impaired than in controls, especially for measurements of verbal and graphic fluency, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, and cognitive flexibility. Comparison of ADHD subgroups showed that results in children with multiple deficits were similar to those in the global ADHD group. Graphic fluency impairment was the sole impairment in cases with only attention deficit or only hyperactivity-impulsivity manifestations.
EF measures in children with ADHD revealed more problems, particularly those having to do within planning, inhibition, working memory and cognitive control. Age and sex may affect the degree of EF impairment.
识别注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的执行功能（EF）障碍。
在哥伦比亚波哥大的一个社会经济水平较低的学童样本中进行了病例对照研究。使用 DSM-IV 清单和儿童行为评估系统量表诊断 ADHD。排除有认知障碍的儿童。我们评估了六个执行功能（EF）测量的分数。我们进行了双变量统计分析来比较变量，进行了多元研究来控制性别和年龄，并进行了逻辑回归分析。
研究样本包括 119 名 ADHD 儿童和 85 名对照儿童，年龄均在 6 至 12 岁之间。控制性别、年龄和学校类型后，发现 ADHD 儿童的 EF 测量明显比对照组差，特别是在言语和图形流畅性、 Rey-Osterrieth 复杂图形和认知灵活性方面。对 ADHD 亚组的比较表明，具有多种缺陷的儿童的结果与整体 ADHD 组的结果相似。仅有注意力缺陷或仅有多动冲动表现的病例仅存在图形流畅性障碍。
ADHD 儿童的 EF 测量显示出更多的问题，特别是在计划、抑制、工作记忆和认知控制方面。年龄和性别可能会影响 EF 损伤的程度。
