Rennels Jennifer L, Kayl Andrea J, Langlois Judith H, Davis Rachel E, Orlewicz Mateusz
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2016 Feb;142:137-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.09.026. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
Infants typically have a preponderance of experience with females, resulting in visual preferences for female faces, particularly high attractive females, and in better categorization of female relative to male faces. We examined whether these abilities generalized to infants' visual preferences for and categorization of perceptually similar male faces (i.e., low masculine males). We found that 12-month-olds visually preferred high attractive relative to low attractive male faces within low masculine pairs only (Experiment 1) but did not visually prefer low masculine relative to high masculine male faces (Experiment 2). Lack of visual preferences was not due to infants' inability to discriminate between the male faces (Experiments 3 and 4). The 12-month-olds categorized low masculine, but not high masculine, male faces (Experiment 5). Infants could individuate male faces within each of the categories (Experiment 6). The 12-month-olds' attention toward and categorization of male faces may reflect a generalization of their female facial expertise.
婴儿通常与女性有更多的接触经历，这导致他们在视觉上偏好女性面孔，尤其是极具吸引力的女性面孔，并且相对于男性面孔，他们对女性面孔的分类能力更强。我们研究了这些能力是否能推广到婴儿对感知上相似的男性面孔（即男性特质较低的男性）的视觉偏好和分类上。我们发现，12个月大的婴儿仅在男性特质较低的面孔配对中，视觉上更偏好极具吸引力的男性面孔而非吸引力较低的男性面孔（实验1），但在视觉上并不偏好男性特质较低的男性面孔甚于男性特质较高的男性面孔（实验2）。缺乏视觉偏好并非由于婴儿无法区分男性面孔（实验3和4）。12个月大的婴儿能够对男性特质较低而非男性特质较高的男性面孔进行分类（实验5）。婴儿能够在每个类别中区分出男性面孔（实验6）。12个月大的婴儿对男性面孔的关注和分类可能反映了他们对女性面孔专业知识的一种推广。
