Feketeová Zuzana, Hulejová Sládkovičová Veronika, Mangová Barbara, Pogányová Andrea, Šimkovic Ivan, Krumpál Miroslav
Laboratory of Neuro-cardiovascular Interactions, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 81371, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Ecotoxicology. 2016 Jan;25(1):202-12. doi: 10.1007/s10646-015-1580-z. Epub 2015 Nov 7.
With respect to acidic, cyanide-laced tailings, the data about in situ toxicity and biological activity in highly polluted environment are often lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial characteristics, composition of oribatid mite species, and level of genotoxic impact on plants in the area of inactive tailings pond (Horná Ves, Kremnica region). Sampling of the tailings, soils and selected plant species was carried out in spring of 2012. Trace element analysis (inductively coupled plasma emission and mass spectrometry) showed that concentration of Pb, Zn, and Cu in the tailings is approximately in thousands of ppm (mg kg(-1)). Amount of lead exceeded 16,000 mg kg(-1), which is perceived as the biggest threat with respect to possible toxicity. The risk is accentuated by extremely acidic pH of the tailings material which approached 2. In such conditions great mobility of (divalent) heavy metal cations is expected. The total cyanide concentration in the tailings was 472 mg kg(-1). Results of performed tests and measurements suggest that microbial activity at the tailings site (and its close environment) is hampered markedly. In the sludge material we detected low abundance of soil bacteria (2.08 × 10(4) CFU) and predominance of slowly growing K-strategists. On the other hand, the content of microbial C in the sludge sample was not too low, considering its extreme acidity and high amount of risk elements. In the same sample, just one mite species, Oppiella (O.) uliginosa (Willmann 1919), was identified. Also in case of the dam site the abundance of mites was considerably lower in comparison to reference sample. Values of Oribatida abundance were in positive correlation with values of microbial biomass carbon. Results of the pollen grain abortivity test, applied in situ on chosen plant species, indicated substantial presence of genotoxicity in the environment. Total induction index of tailings pond reached 3.59(±2.4) which expresses also total load of locality, comparing to natural biotope. In case of the technogenic sediment, the value was more than three times higher.
对于酸性含氰尾矿而言，在高污染环境中关于原位毒性和生物活性的数据往往缺失。本研究的目的是评估废弃尾矿池区域（霍尼亚韦什，克雷姆尼察地区）的微生物特征、甲螨种类组成以及对植物的遗传毒性影响水平。2012年春季对尾矿、土壤和选定的植物物种进行了采样。微量元素分析（电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和质谱法）表明，尾矿中铅、锌和铜的浓度约为数千ppm（毫克/千克）。铅含量超过16000毫克/千克，这被视为可能产生毒性的最大威胁。尾矿材料极低的酸性pH值接近2，加剧了这种风险。在这种条件下，预计（二价）重金属阳离子具有很高的迁移率。尾矿中的总氰化物浓度为472毫克/千克。所进行的测试和测量结果表明，尾矿场地（及其周边环境）的微生物活性受到显著抑制。在污泥材料中，我们检测到土壤细菌丰度较低（2.08×10⁴CFU），且生长缓慢的K策略者占主导地位。另一方面，考虑到其极高的酸度和大量的风险元素，污泥样品中的微生物碳含量并不太低。在同一样品中，仅鉴定出一种螨类物种，即湿地奥氏甲螨（威尔曼，1919年）。同样，与对照样品相比，坝址处螨类的丰度也显著较低。甲螨丰度值与微生物生物量碳值呈正相关。对选定植物物种进行的原位花粉粒流产率测试结果表明，环境中存在大量遗传毒性。尾矿池的总诱导指数达到3.59（±2.4），与自然生物群落相比，这也表明了该场地的总负荷。对于技术沉积物，该值高出三倍多。
