Bissonette G B, Roesch M R
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Genes Brain Behav. 2016 Jan;15(1):62-73. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12257. Epub 2015 Nov 8.
The past two decades have seen an explosion in our understanding of the origin and development of the midbrain dopamine system. Much of this work has been focused on the aspects of dopamine neuron development related to the onset of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, with the intent of hopefully delaying, preventing or fixing symptoms. While midbrain dopamine degeneration is a major focus for treatment and research, many other human disorders are impacted by abnormal dopamine, including drug addiction, autism and schizophrenia. Understanding dopamine neuron ontogeny and how dopamine connections and circuitry develops may provide us with key insights into potentially important avenues of research for other dopamine-related disorders. This review will provide a brief overview of the major molecular and genetic players throughout the development of midbrain dopamine neurons and what we know about the behavioral- and disease-related implications associated with perturbations to midbrain dopamine neuron development. We intend to combine the knowledge of two broad fields of neuroscience, both developmental and behavioral, with the intent on fostering greater discussion between branches of neuroscience in the service of addressing complex cognitive questions from a developmental perspective and identifying important gaps in our knowledge for future study.
在过去二十年里，我们对中脑多巴胺系统的起源和发育的理解有了爆发式增长。这项工作大多聚焦于与帕金森病等运动障碍发病相关的多巴胺神经元发育方面，目的是有望延缓、预防或缓解症状。虽然中脑多巴胺退化是治疗和研究的主要焦点，但许多其他人类疾病也受到多巴胺异常的影响，包括药物成瘾、自闭症和精神分裂症。了解多巴胺神经元个体发生以及多巴胺连接和神经回路如何发育，可能会为我们提供关键见解，以探索其他与多巴胺相关疾病潜在的重要研究途径。本综述将简要概述中脑多巴胺神经元发育过程中的主要分子和基因因素，以及我们对中脑多巴胺神经元发育受到干扰所产生的行为和疾病相关影响的了解。我们打算将神经科学两个广泛领域（发育神经科学和行为神经科学）的知识结合起来，旨在促进神经科学各分支之间的更多讨论，以便从发育角度解决复杂的认知问题，并找出我们知识中的重要空白以供未来研究。
