Walker Jessica, Hosiner Andreas, Kergoat Sophie, Walker Joel M, Somoza Veronika
Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Physiol Behav. 2016 Feb 1;154:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.003. Epub 2015 Nov 5.
Stress might be caused by various lifestyle factors and physical challenges and can result in severe diseases. The body responds to stressful events by release of hormones, like cortisol, as well as reaction of the sympathetic nervous system. One strategy to counteract stress is chewing gum. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of mastication on biomarkers of stress during performance of a stress test.
A two-armed cross-over study with 40 young male volunteers was performed. Hormone plasma concentrations were determined after an initial resting phase (2:30p.m.), immediately before (3:00p.m.) and two times after (3:20, 3:50p.m.) performance of a multitasking test using magnetic beads and ELISA methods. In addition, visual analog scales were used to rate subjective mood and the breathing and heart rates were monitored throughout the entire study period using a sensor chest belt.
Performance of the stress test led to an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations from 223±23.3 to 325±38.4ng/ml (p=0.023) and caused changes in subjective mood ratings as well as breathing rates. Although chewing gum base had no impact on the plasma hormone concentrations, it induced a stronger elevation of average heart rates compared to not chewing (p=0.016).
The effect of chewing gum on a mild stress load was less pronounced than in previous studies. Besides the detection of cortisol in saliva, not in plasma, in previous studies, flavored gum was used. Aroma active compounds might have substantially contributed to the beneficial effects of gum on biomarker of stress shown before.
压力可能由各种生活方式因素和身体挑战引起，并可能导致严重疾病。身体通过释放皮质醇等激素以及交感神经系统的反应来应对压力事件。对抗压力的一种策略是嚼口香糖。本研究旨在调查咀嚼对压力测试过程中压力生物标志物的影响。
对40名年轻男性志愿者进行了双臂交叉研究。在初始休息阶段（下午2:30）、多任务测试前（下午3:00）以及测试后两次（下午3:20、3:50），使用磁珠和ELISA方法测定血浆激素浓度。此外，使用视觉模拟量表对主观情绪进行评分，并在整个研究期间使用传感器胸带监测呼吸和心率。
压力测试导致血浆皮质醇浓度从223±23.3 ng/ml增加到325±38.4 ng/ml（p = 0.023），并引起主观情绪评分和呼吸频率的变化。虽然口香糖基料对血浆激素浓度没有影响，但与不咀嚼相比，它导致平均心率升高更明显（p = 0.016）。
嚼口香糖对轻度压力负荷的影响不如先前研究明显。除了先前研究中在唾液而非血浆中检测皮质醇外，先前研究中使用的是调味口香糖。香气活性化合物可能在很大程度上促成了之前所显示的口香糖对应激生物标志物的有益作用。
