Coyle Emily F, Liben Lynn S
The Pennsylvania State University.
Child Dev. 2016 Mar-Apr;87(2):414-28. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12463. Epub 2015 Nov 9.
Gender schema theory (GST) posits that children approach opportunities perceived as gender appropriate, avoiding those deemed gender inappropriate, in turn affecting gender-differentiated career trajectories. To test the hypothesis that children's gender salience filters (GSF-tendency to attend to gender) moderate these processes, 62 preschool girls (M = 4.5 years) were given GSF measures. Two weeks later, they played a computer game about occupations that manipulated the game-character's femininity (hyperfeminized Barbie vs. less feminized Playmobil Jane). Following game play, girls' interests in feminine activities showed an interaction of game condition and GSF: High-GSF girls showed intensified feminine activity interests only with Barbie; low-GSF girls showed no change with either character. Neither GSF nor game condition affected occupational interests. Implications for GST, individual differences, and occupational interventions are discussed.
性别图式理论（GST）认为，儿童会倾向于选择那些被认为适合性别的机会，避免那些被视为不适合性别的机会，这反过来又会影响性别差异的职业轨迹。为了检验儿童的性别显著性过滤器（GSF——关注性别的倾向）会调节这些过程这一假设，对62名学龄前女孩（平均年龄4.5岁）进行了GSF测量。两周后，她们玩了一款关于职业的电脑游戏，该游戏对游戏角色的女性特质进行了操控（过度女性化的芭比娃娃与女性化程度较低的普乐美高简）。游戏结束后，女孩们对女性化活动的兴趣呈现出游戏条件和GSF的交互作用：高GSF女孩只有在玩芭比娃娃游戏时，对女性化活动的兴趣才会增强；低GSF女孩在面对任何一个角色时，兴趣都没有变化。GSF和游戏条件都没有影响职业兴趣。文中讨论了该研究对性别图式理论、个体差异和职业干预的意义。
