Dinella Lisa M
a Department of Psychology , Monmouth University , West Long Branch, NJ , USA.
J Genet Psychol. 2017 May-Jun;178(3):165-178. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2017.1295223. Epub 2017 Apr 12.
The author examined whether preschoolers' Halloween costume choices reflect their gender development. The sample consisted of 110 (53 boys, 57 girls) infant through preschool-aged participants, and 1 parent of each child. Both observational methodologies and parent-report surveys were used to assess the gender-typed nature of children's Halloween costumes, information about the Halloween costume choice process, and about the children's gender development. Boys' costumes were more masculine and girls' costumes were more feminine. Younger children's costumes were consistently less gender typed than the older children's costumes were. Children whose parents chose their Halloween costumes for them had Halloween costumes that were less gender typed than did children who were involved in the Halloween costume decision-making process. Moreover, children's gender-typed play and desire to wear gender-stereotyped clothes were related to the gender stereotyped nature of their Halloween costume. Unexpectedly, gender typicality, a dimension of gender identity, was not related to children's Halloween costume choices. Overall, the findings support that children's Halloween costume choice is an indicator of children's gender development processes.
作者研究了学龄前儿童的万圣节服装选择是否反映了他们的性别发展。样本包括110名（53名男孩，57名女孩）婴儿至学龄前儿童参与者，以及每个孩子的1名家长。研究使用了观察方法和家长报告调查来评估儿童万圣节服装的性别类型特征、关于万圣节服装选择过程的信息以及儿童的性别发展情况。男孩的服装更具男性化特征，女孩的服装更具女性化特征。年幼儿童的服装在性别类型上始终不如年龄较大儿童的服装明显。由父母为其选择万圣节服装的儿童，其服装的性别类型特征不如参与万圣节服装决策过程的儿童明显。此外，儿童的性别类型化游戏以及穿着性别刻板印象服装的愿望与他们万圣节服装的性别刻板印象特征有关。出乎意料的是，性别典型性（性别认同的一个维度）与儿童的万圣节服装选择无关。总体而言，研究结果支持儿童的万圣节服装选择是儿童性别发展过程的一个指标。
