del Castillo Rafael F
Ecol Appl. 2015 Sep;25(6):1447-55. doi: 10.1890/14-1964.1.
The study of the ecology of fragmented landscapes has been dominated by two assumptions: the unique unidirectional path from larger to smaller fragments and the negligible role of fragment species on fragment properties. An accurate conceptualization of fragmented landscapes requires consideration of the age and origin of the fragments, i.e., direct fragmentation or reverse fragmentation (generation or increase of vegetated fragments by colonization), and the habitat modifications of fragment species (autogenic processes). Colonization and autogenic processes alter the fragments' composition and function. Fragment metrics affect colonization. Autogenic processes are antagonized by disturbances and modulated by abiotic inputs. Fragment alterations by autogenic processes may explain the continuous species substitution detected in some fragments or the species persistence in others. Reverse fragmentation, a natural process in commonly disturbed landscapes, challenges the avoidance-of-habitat disturbance as the ultimate strategy for biodiversity conservation and stresses the importance of pioneer species that promote succession as resilience elements in fragmented landscapes. Among-fragment diversity, generated by local disturbances, can be essential for the resilience of fragmented landscapes, suggesting that conservation and habitat utilization can be complementary processes. Traditional agroforestry systems that depend on disturbance, fragmentation, colonization, and autogenic processes may provide important insights into fragmentation ecology.
从较大斑块到较小斑块的独特单向路径，以及斑块物种对斑块特性的作用可忽略不计。对破碎景观进行准确的概念化需要考虑斑块的年龄和起源，即直接破碎或反向破碎（通过定殖产生或增加植被斑块），以及斑块物种的栖息地改变（自生过程）。定殖和自生过程会改变斑块的组成和功能。斑块指标会影响定殖。自生过程受到干扰的拮抗，并受非生物输入的调节。自生过程引起的斑块变化可能解释了在一些斑块中检测到的连续物种替代或其他斑块中的物种持续存在。反向破碎是常见干扰景观中的一个自然过程，它挑战了将避免栖息地干扰作为生物多样性保护的最终策略，并强调了先锋物种作为破碎景观恢复力要素促进演替的重要性。由局部干扰产生的斑块间多样性对于破碎景观的恢复力可能至关重要，这表明保护和栖息地利用可以是互补的过程。依赖干扰、破碎、定殖和自生过程的传统农林业系统可能为破碎生态学提供重要见解。
