Herps M A, Buntinx W H E, Schalock R L, van Breukelen G J P, Curfs L M G
Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Vilans, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2016 Mar;60(3):254-62. doi: 10.1111/jir.12245. Epub 2015 Nov 13.
Goals and objectives as mentioned in Individual Support Plans (ISPs) were analysed to explore what domains of quality of life they are associated with, what support resources are referenced for achieving the goals, and how domains and resources are related to clients age, gender and intellectual disability (ID) level.
A total of 209 ISPs for persons with ID from eight residential Dutch service provider organisations were analysed. Mixed linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relations between client characteristics and the content of goals and support resources.
Results showed that ISPs of people with mild and moderate ID had significantly more goals related to independence and social participation as compared to the ISPs of people with severe and profound ID. ISPs of clients with profound ID addressed quality of life factors related to 'well-being' more than ISPs of all other clients. ISPs of people aged 20-34 years had significantly more goals on independence than the two other age groups. ISPs of people under the age of 50 had significantly fewer goals with respect to well-being than found in ISPs of older people. Regarding the use of resources, 42.6% of the ISP goals were associated with resources from specialised services, 31.5% associated with natural resources and 25.9% associated with a combination of both natural and specialised services. In ISPs of people with mild ID, natural resources are more often mentioned, and specialised service-based resources are less often mentioned than for other people.
This study offers empirical feedback on ISP practices in the field of ID in the Netherlands. In light of current ISP practices, results suggest that attention should be paid to: (1) distinguishing between a 'service contract' and an ISP; (2) keeping a focus on the whole person in all age groups and levels of functioning and (3) involving the service recipient in ISP development and implementation.
对个人支持计划（ISP）中提及的目标进行分析，以探究这些目标与生活质量的哪些领域相关联、实现这些目标所涉及的支持资源有哪些，以及这些领域和资源与服务对象的年龄、性别和智力残疾（ID）水平之间的关系。
对来自荷兰八家住宿服务提供商组织的209份针对智力残疾人士的个人支持计划进行了分析。采用混合线性回归分析来检验服务对象特征与目标内容及支持资源之间的关系。
结果显示，与重度和极重度智力残疾人士的个人支持计划相比，轻度和中度智力残疾人士的个人支持计划中与独立和社会参与相关的目标显著更多。极重度智力残疾服务对象的个人支持计划比其他所有服务对象的计划更关注与“幸福感”相关的生活质量因素。20至34岁人群的个人支持计划中关于独立的目标显著多于其他两个年龄组。50岁以下人群的个人支持计划中与幸福感相关的目标明显少于老年人的计划。在资源使用方面，42.6%的个人支持计划目标与专业服务资源相关，31.5%与自然资源相关，25.9%与自然资源和专业服务资源的组合相关。在轻度智力残疾人士的个人支持计划中，自然资源比其他人群的计划更常被提及，而基于专业服务的资源则较少被提及。
本研究为荷兰智力残疾领域的个人支持计划实践提供了实证反馈。鉴于当前的个人支持计划实践，结果表明应注意：（1）区分“服务合同”和个人支持计划；（2）在所有年龄组和功能水平上关注服务对象的整体情况；（3）让服务接受者参与个人支持计划的制定和实施。
