Groot Astrid T, Dekker Teun, Heckel David G
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; email:
Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; email:
Annu Rev Entomol. 2016;61:99-117. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023638. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
Moth sexual pheromones are widely studied as a fine-tuned system of intraspecific sexual communication that reinforces interspecific reproductive isolation. However, their evolution poses a dilemma: How can the female pheromone and male preference simultaneously change to create a new pattern of species-specific attraction? Solving this puzzle requires us to identify the genes underlying intraspecific variation in signals and responses and to understand the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for their interspecific divergence. Candidate gene approaches and functional analyses have yielded insights into large families of biosynthetic enzymes and pheromone receptors, although the factors controlling their expression remain largely unexplored. Intra- and interspecific crosses have provided tantalizing evidence of regulatory genes, although, to date, mapping resolution has been insufficient to identify them. Recent advances in high-throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing, together with established techniques, have great potential to help scientists identify the specific genetic changes underlying divergence and resolve the mystery of how moth sexual communication systems evolve.
蛾类性信息素作为种内性别交流的精细系统，能强化种间生殖隔离，受到广泛研究。然而，它们的进化带来了一个难题：雌性信息素和雄性偏好如何能同时改变，以形成一种新的物种特异性吸引模式？解决这个谜题需要我们识别信号和反应中种内变异的潜在基因，并理解导致它们种间差异的进化机制。候选基因方法和功能分析已对生物合成酶和信息素受体的大家族有了深入了解，尽管控制它们表达的因素在很大程度上仍未被探索。种内和种间杂交提供了有关调控基因的诱人证据，尽管迄今为止，图谱分辨率还不足以识别它们。高通量基因组和转录组测序的最新进展，与现有技术相结合，极有可能帮助科学家识别差异背后的特定基因变化，并解开蛾类性别交流系统如何进化的谜团。
