International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
Directorate of Groundnut Research (DGR) of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Junagadh, India.
Plant Sci. 2016 Jan;242:203-213. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.013. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
High oleate peanuts have two marketable benefits, health benefits to consumers and extended shelf life of peanut products. Two mutant alleles present on linkage group a09 (ahFAD2A) and b09 (ahFAD2B) control composition of three major fatty acids, oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids which together determine peanut oil quality. In conventional breeding, selection for fatty acid composition is delayed to advanced generations. However by using DNA markers, breeders can reject large number of plants in early generations and therefore can optimize time and resources. Here, two approaches of molecular breeding namely marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) and marker-assisted selection (MAS) were employed to transfer two FAD2 mutant alleles from SunOleic 95R into the genetic background of ICGV 06110, ICGV 06142 and ICGV 06420. In summary, 82 MABC and 387 MAS derived introgression lines (ILs) were developed using DNA markers with elevated oleic acid varying from 62 to 83%. Oleic acid increased by 0.5-1.1 folds, with concomitant reduction of linoleic acid by 0.4-1.0 folds and palmitic acid by 0.1-0.6 folds among ILs compared to recurrent parents. Finally, high oleate ILs, 27 with high oil (53-58%), and 28 ILs with low oil content (42-50%) were selected that may be released for cultivation upon further evaluation.
高油酸花生有两个市场优势，一是对消费者有益健康，二是延长了花生产品的保质期。存在于连锁群 a09（ahFAD2A）和 b09（ahFAD2B）上的两个突变等位基因控制着三种主要脂肪酸——油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸的组成，这三种脂肪酸共同决定了花生油的质量。在传统的育种中，脂肪酸组成的选择要延迟到后代的后期。然而，利用 DNA 标记，育种者可以在早期世代中淘汰大量的植物，从而优化时间和资源。在这里，我们采用了两种分子育种方法，即标记辅助回交（MABC）和标记辅助选择（MAS），将两个 FAD2 突变等位基因从 SunOleic 95R 转移到 ICGV 06110、ICGV 06142 和 ICGV 06420 的遗传背景中。总的来说，利用 DNA 标记，我们共开发了 82 个 MABC 和 387 个 MAS 衍生的导入系（ILs），这些 ILs 的油酸含量提高了 62%到 83%。与轮回亲本相比，ILs 中的油酸含量增加了 0.5-1.1 倍，亚油酸含量降低了 0.4-1.0 倍，棕榈酸含量降低了 0.1-0.6 倍。最后，我们选择了 27 个高油酸（53-58%）和 28 个低油（42-50%）的高油酸 ILs，这些 ILs可能会在进一步评估后被释放用于种植。
