Gao Guizhen, Zhang Lu, Tong Panpan, Yan Guixin, Wu Xiaoming
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China.
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 31;26(15):7390. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157390.
Vegetable oils are essential for human nutrition and industrial applications. With growing global demand, increasing oil content in oilseed crops has become a top priority. This review synthesizes recent progress in understanding the genetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms regulating oil content, and presents biotechnological strategies to enhance oil accumulation in major oilseed crops. Oil biosynthesis is governed by intricate genetic-environmental interactions. Environmental factors and agronomic practices significantly impact oil accumulation dynamics. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified key loci and candidate genes involved in lipid biosynthesis pathways. Transcription factors and epigenetic regulators further fine-tune oil accumulation. Biotechnological approaches, including marker-assisted selection (MAS) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, have successfully generated high-oil-content variants. Future research should integrate multi-omics data, leverage AI-based predictive breeding, and apply precision genome editing to optimize oil yield while maintaining seed quality. This review provides critical references for the genetic improvement and breeding of high- and ultra-high-oil-content varieties in oilseed crops.
植物油对人类营养和工业应用至关重要。随着全球需求的增长，提高油料作物的含油量已成为首要任务。本综述综合了在理解调控含油量的遗传、环境和分子机制方面的最新进展，并提出了提高主要油料作物油脂积累的生物技术策略。油脂生物合成受复杂的遗传-环境相互作用支配。环境因素和农艺措施显著影响油脂积累动态。数量性状位点（QTL）定位和全基因组关联研究（GWAS）已确定了参与脂质生物合成途径的关键位点和候选基因。转录因子和表观遗传调控因子进一步微调油脂积累。包括标记辅助选择（MAS）和CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因组编辑在内的生物技术方法已成功培育出高含油量变异体。未来的研究应整合多组学数据，利用基于人工智能的预测育种，并应用精准基因组编辑来优化油脂产量，同时保持种子质量。本综述为油料作物高含油量和超高含油量品种的遗传改良和育种提供了重要参考。
