Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
Infectious Diseases, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Dec;73(6):897-908; quiz 909-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.08.051.
Leishmaniasis is endemic in 98 countries and territories, with 1.2 million new cases per year, making it a worldwide concern. The deadly visceral form is a leading cause of death from tropical parasitic infections, second only to malaria. Leishmaniasis appears to be increasing in many countries because of extended urbanization. The disease reservoir includes small mammals; parasite transmission occurs via bite of the female phlebotomine sandfly. Disease manifestations vary and largely depend upon the Leishmania species acquired. It may be first evident with a range of findings-from a localized cutaneous ulcer to diffuse painless dermal nodules-or, in the mucocutaneous form, ulceration of the oropharynx. In the potentially deadly visceral form, the internal organs and bone marrow are affected.
利什曼病流行于 98 个国家和地区，每年有 120 万例新发病例，引起全球关注。致命的内脏利什曼病是热带寄生虫感染导致死亡的主要原因，仅次于疟疾。由于城市化的不断扩展，这种疾病在许多国家似乎越来越多。疾病的储存宿主包括小型哺乳动物；寄生虫通过雌性白蛉的叮咬传播。疾病的表现形式多种多样，主要取决于所感染的利什曼原虫种类。它可能首先表现为一系列的发现——从局部皮肤溃疡到弥漫性无痛性皮肤结节——或者，在黏膜皮肤形式中，口咽溃疡。在潜在致命的内脏形式中，内部器官和骨髓受到影响。
