Higgins Simon, Straight Chad R, Lewis Richard D
Dept. of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016 Jun;26(3):221-39. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0147. Epub 2015 Nov 16.
Endurance athletes commonly ingest caffeine as a means to enhance training intensity and competitive performance. A widely-used source of caffeine is coffee, however conflicting evidence exists regarding the efficacy of coffee in improving endurance performance. In this context, the aims of this evidence-based review were threefold: 1) to evaluate the effects of preexercise coffee on endurance performance, 2) to evaluate the effects of coffee on perceived exertion during endurance performance, and 3) to translate the research into usable information for athletes to make an informed decision regarding the intake of caffeine via coffee as a potential ergogenic aid. Searches of three major databases were performed using terms caffeine and coffee, or coffee-caffeine, and endurance, or aerobic. Included studies (n = 9) evaluated the effects of caffeinated coffee on human subjects, provided the caffeine dose administered, administered caffeine ≥ 45 min before testing, and included a measure of endurance performance (e.g., time trial). Significant improvements in endurance performance were observed in five of nine studies, which were on average 24.2% over controls for time to exhaustion trials, and 3.1% for time to completion trials. Three of six studies found that coffee reduced perceived exertion during performance measures significantly more than control conditions (p < .05). Based on the reviewed studies there is moderate evidence supporting the use of coffee as an ergogenic aid to improve performance in endurance cycling and running. Coffee providing 3-8.1 mg/kg (1.36-3.68 mg/lb) of caffeine may be used as a safe alternative to anhydrous caffeine to improve endurance performance.
耐力运动员通常摄入咖啡因以提高训练强度和比赛成绩。咖啡因的一种广泛使用来源是咖啡，然而关于咖啡在提高耐力表现方面的功效，存在相互矛盾的证据。在此背景下，这项基于证据的综述有三个目的：1）评估运动前饮用咖啡对耐力表现的影响；2）评估咖啡对耐力运动中主观用力感觉的影响；3）将该研究转化为可供运动员使用的信息，以便他们就是否通过饮用咖啡摄入咖啡因作为潜在的机能增进辅助手段做出明智的决定。使用“咖啡因”和“咖啡”或“咖啡 - 咖啡因”以及“耐力”或“有氧运动”等术语，对三个主要数据库进行了检索。纳入的研究（n = 9）评估了含咖啡因咖啡对人类受试者的影响，提供了所给予的咖啡因剂量，在测试前≥45分钟给予咖啡因，并包括一项耐力表现测量（例如计时赛）。在九项研究中的五项中观察到耐力表现有显著改善，在力竭试验中，与对照组相比平均提高了24.2%，在完成试验中提高了3.1%。六项研究中的三项发现，与对照条件相比，咖啡在表现测量期间显著降低了主观用力感觉（p < 0.05）。基于所审查的研究，有中等证据支持将咖啡用作机能增进辅助手段以提高耐力骑行和跑步的表现。提供3 - 8.1毫克/千克（1.36 - 3.68毫克/磅）咖啡因的咖啡可作为无水咖啡因的安全替代品用于提高耐力表现。
