Plummer Laurel E, Carosino Christopher M, Bein Keith J, Zhao Yongjing, Willits Neil, Smiley-Jewell Suzette, Wexler Anthony S, Pinkerton Kent E
Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616 USA.
Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616 USA ; Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616 USA.
Atmos Environ (1994). 2015 Oct 1;119:174-181. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.043.
The EPA regulates ambient particulate matter (PM) because substantial associations have been established between PM and health impacts. Presently, regulatory compliance involves broad control of PM emission sources based on mass concentration rather than chemical composition, although PM toxicity is likely to vary depending upon PM physicochemical properties. The overall objective of this study was to help inform source-specific PM emission control regulations. For the first time, source-oriented PM was collected from the atmosphere in Fresno, CA, onto 38 source/size substrates. Mice were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to equivalent mass doses [50 μg] of two size fractions: ultrafine (Dp < 0.17μm) and submicron fine (0.17 < Dp < 1 μm) during summer and winter seasons. At 24 hours post-exposure, cellular and biochemical indicators of pulmonary inflammation were evaluated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Significant inflammatory responses were elicited by vehicle, regional background, and cooking PM sources that were dependent on season and particle size. This is the first study of source-oriented toxicity of atmospheric PM and supports source-specific emissions control strategies.
美国环境保护局（EPA）对环境颗粒物（PM）进行监管，因为已证实PM与健康影响之间存在显著关联。目前，法规遵从性涉及基于质量浓度而非化学成分对PM排放源进行广泛控制，尽管PM的毒性可能因PM的物理化学性质而异。本研究的总体目标是为特定源的PM排放控制法规提供参考。首次在加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺从大气中采集了面向源的PM，并将其收集到38种源/尺寸的基质上。在夏季和冬季，通过口咽吸入法让小鼠暴露于两种粒径级分[50μg]的等效质量剂量下：超细颗粒（Dp < 0.17μm）和亚微米细颗粒（0.17 < Dp < 1μm）。在暴露后24小时，评估支气管肺泡灌洗液中肺部炎症的细胞和生化指标。媒介物、区域背景和烹饪PM源引发了显著的炎症反应，这些反应取决于季节和颗粒大小。这是第一项关于大气PM源导向毒性的研究，并支持特定源的排放控制策略。
