Vestergaard Christian, Deleuran Mette
Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2015 Nov;6(6):304-13. doi: 10.1177/2040622315603951.
Chronic urticaria is a debilitating disease characterized by itching and hives with or without angioedema lasting for more than 6 weeks. The disease carries a significant emotional and economic burden for the patient and often results in an odyssey between doctors of different specialities. Patients suffering from chronic urticaria are considered more difficult to satisfy, treat and to have a bigger emotional burden than the average patient in dermatology, paediatric and general practice settings. A joint initiative under the Dermatology section of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical immunology (EAACI), the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and the World Allergy Organization (WAO) has resulted in recently published guidelines for the diagnosis, classification and treatment of chronic urticarial: these guidelines are clinically useful and have a high success rate when followed in daily clinical practice. The treatment of choice for chronic urticaria is still nonsedating antihistamines although other treatments are available, with omalizumab (humanized IgG anti IgE antibodies) as the newest therapy. The pathogenesis of urticaria is poorly understood but autoimmunity is considered as one of the major underlying causes for this disease, although other theories exist.
慢性荨麻疹是一种使人虚弱的疾病，其特征为瘙痒和风团，伴有或不伴有血管性水肿，持续超过6周。该疾病给患者带来了巨大的情感和经济负担，常常导致患者在不同专科医生之间辗转就医。与皮肤科、儿科和普通科的普通患者相比，慢性荨麻疹患者更难得到满足、更难治疗，且情感负担更重。欧洲变态反应和临床免疫学会（EAACI）皮肤科、全球变态反应和哮喘欧洲网络（GA(2)LEN）、欧洲皮肤病学论坛（EDF）和世界变态反应组织（WAO）联合发起的一项倡议，促成了最近发布的慢性荨麻疹诊断、分类和治疗指南：这些指南在临床实践中很有用，遵循时成功率很高。慢性荨麻疹的首选治疗方法仍然是非镇静性抗组胺药，尽管还有其他治疗方法可用，奥马珠单抗（人源化IgG抗IgE抗体）是最新的治疗药物。荨麻疹的发病机制尚不清楚，但自身免疫被认为是该疾病的主要潜在病因之一，不过也存在其他理论。
