乡镇卫生院公共卫生工作者能力的相关因素：中国重庆市的一项横断面调查
Factors Associated with the Competencies of Public Health Workers in Township Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chongqing Municipality, China.
作者信息
He Zhifei, Cheng Zhaohui, Fu Hang, Tang Shangfeng, Fu Qian, Fang Haiqing, Xian Yue, Ming Hui, Feng Zhanchun
机构信息
School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Nov 9;12(11):14244-59. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121114244.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to explore the competencies of public health workers (PHWs) of township hospitals in Chongqing Municipality (China), and determine the related impact factors of the competencies of PHWs;
METHODS
A cross-sectional research was conducted on 314 PHWs from 27 township hospitals in three districts in Chongqing Municipality (China), from June to August 2014. A self-assessment questionnaire was established on the basis of literature reviews and a competency dictionary. The differences in competencies among the three districts were determined by adopting the chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, and the impact factors of the competencies of PHWs were determined by adopting stepwise regression analysis.
RESULTS
(1) RESULTS of the demographic characteristics of PHWs in three sample districts of Chongqing Municipality showed that a significant difference in age of PHWs (p = 0.021 < 0.05) and the majors of PHWs (p = 0.045 < 0.05); (2) In terms of the self-evaluation competency results of PHWs in township hospitals, seven among the 11 aspects were found to have significant differences in the three districts by the ANOVA test; (3) By adopting the t-test and ANOVA method, results of the relationship between the characteristics of PHWs and their competency scores showed that significant differences were found in the economic level (p = 0.000 < 0.05), age (p = 0.000 < 0.05), years of working (p = 0.000 < 0.05) and title of PHWs (p = 0.000 < 0.05); (4) Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the impact factors of the competencies of PHWs in township hospitals, including the economic level (p = 0.000 < 0.001), years of working (p = 0.000 < 0.001), title (p = 0.001 < 0.005), and public health major (p = 0.007 < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The competencies of the township hospital staff in Chongqing Municipality (China), are generally insufficient, therefore, regulating the medical education and training skills of PHWs is crucial to improve the competencies of PHWs in the township hospitals of Chongqing Municipality. The results of this study can be mirrored in other areas of China.
目的
本研究旨在探讨中国重庆市乡镇卫生院公共卫生工作者（PHWs）的能力，并确定影响其能力的相关因素。
方法
2014年6月至8月，对中国重庆市三个区27所乡镇卫生院的314名公共卫生工作者进行了横断面研究。在文献综述和能力词典的基础上编制了一份自我评估问卷。采用卡方检验、t检验、方差分析（ANOVA）方法确定三个区之间能力的差异，并采用逐步回归分析确定公共卫生工作者能力的影响因素。
结果
（1）重庆市三个样本区公共卫生工作者的人口统计学特征结果显示，公共卫生工作者的年龄（p = 0.021 < 0.05）和专业（p = 0.045 < 0.05）存在显著差异；（2）就乡镇卫生院公共卫生工作者的自我评估能力结果而言，通过方差分析发现，11个方面中的7个方面在三个区存在显著差异；（3）采用t检验和方差分析方法，公共卫生工作者特征与其能力得分之间的关系结果显示，经济水平（p = 0.000 < 0.05）、年龄（p = 0.000 < 0.05）、工作年限（p = 0.000 < 0.05）和职称（p = 0.000 < 0.05）存在显著差异；（4）采用逐步回归分析确定乡镇卫生院公共卫生工作者能力的影响因素，包括经济水平（p = 0.000 < 0.001）、工作年限（p = 0.000 < 0.001）、职称（p = 0.001 < 0.005）和公共卫生专业（p = 0.007 < 0.01）。
结论
中国重庆市乡镇卫生院工作人员的能力普遍不足，因此，规范公共卫生工作者的医学教育培训技能对于提高重庆市乡镇卫生院公共卫生工作者的能力至关重要。本研究结果在中国其他地区也可借鉴。
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