DeBard M L
Ann Emerg Med. 1980 May;9(5):273-5. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(80)80389-1.
The development of modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an exciting and surprising history to modern health professionals who rarely are aware of how new CPR really is. Artificial respiration began in the 16th century with Vesalius's work on living animals; progressed with the rise and fall of mouth-to-mouth, manual, and positive pressure ventilation methods of the 18th and 19th centuries; and culminated in 1958 with demonstration of the superiority of the mouth-to-mouth technique. Cardiac massage began in 1874, with the open chest method gaining ascendancy until the 1960 demonstration of the equality and greater ease of closed chest cardiac massage. Electrical defibrillation may have begun in 1775, but was not proven successful in animals internally until 1899. The technique was applied to man internally in 1947 and externally in 1956. The simultaneous use of all these modern CPR methods dates back only 20 years.
现代心肺复苏术（CPR）的发展历程对于现代医疗专业人员来说，是一段既令人兴奋又出人意料的历史，因为他们很少意识到CPR实际上是多么新的技术。人工呼吸始于16世纪维萨里对活体动物的研究；在18世纪和19世纪口对口、手动和正压通气方法的兴衰中不断发展；并在1958年达到顶峰，当时证明了口对口技术的优越性。心脏按摩始于1874年，直到1960年证明了闭胸心脏按摩的等效性和更高的便利性之前，开胸方法一直占据主导地位。电除颤可能始于1775年，但直到1899年才在动物体内被证明成功。该技术于1947年应用于人体内部，1956年应用于人体外部。所有这些现代心肺复苏方法的同时使用仅可追溯到20年前。
