Xiong Qiu-lin, Zhao Wen-ji, Guo Xiao-yu, Chen Fan-tao, Shu Tong-tong, Zheng Xiao-xia, Zhao Wen-hui
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2015 Aug;36(8):2735-42.
The dustfall content is one of the evaluation indexes of atmospheric pollution. Trace elements especially heavy metals in dustfall can lead to risks to ecological environment and human health. In order to study the distribution characteristics of trace elements, heavy metals pollution and their sources in winter atmospheric dust, 49 dustfall samples were collected in Beijing City and nearby during November 2013 to March 2014. Then the contents (mass percentages) of 40 trace elements were measured by Elan DRC It type inductively coupled plasma mass (ICP-MS). Test results showed that more than half of the trace elements in the dust were less than 10 mg x kg(-1); about a quarter were between 10-100 mg x kg-1); while 7 elements (Pb, Zr, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sr and Ba) were more than 100 mg x kg(-1). The contents of Pb, Cu, Zn, Bi, Cd and Mo of winter dustfall in Beijing city.were respectively 4.18, 4.66, 5.35, 6.31, 6.62, and 8.62 times as high as those of corresponding elements in the surface soil in the same period, which went beyond the soil background values by more than 300% . The contribution of human activities to dustfall trace heavy metals content in Beijing city was larger than that in the surrounding region. Then sources analysis of dustfall and its 20 main trace elements (Cd, Mo, Nb, Ga, Co, Y, Nd, Li, La, Ni, Rb, V, Ce, Pb, Zr, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba) was conducted through a multi-method analysis, including Pearson correlation analysis, Kendall correlation coefficient analysis and principal component analysis. Research results indicated that sources of winter dustfall in Beijing city were mainly composed of the earth's crust sources (including road dust, construction dust and remote transmission of dust) and the burning of fossil fuels (vehicle emissions, coal combustion, biomass combustion and industrial processes).
降尘量是大气污染的评价指标之一。降尘中的微量元素尤其是重金属会给生态环境和人类健康带来风险。为研究冬季大气降尘中微量元素的分布特征、重金属污染及其来源，于2013年11月至2014年3月在北京及周边地区采集了49个降尘样品。然后采用Elan DRC It型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定了40种微量元素的含量（质量分数）。测试结果表明，降尘中超过一半的微量元素含量低于10 mg·kg⁻¹；约四分之一的元素含量在10 - 100 mg·kg⁻¹之间；而7种元素（Pb、Zr、Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr和Ba）含量超过100 mg·kg⁻¹。北京市冬季降尘中Pb、Cu、Zn、Bi、Cd和Mo的含量分别是同期表层土壤中相应元素含量的4.18、4.66、5.35、6.31、6.62和8.62倍，超出土壤背景值300%以上。人类活动对北京市降尘痕量重金属含量的贡献大于周边地区。然后通过多种方法分析，包括Pearson相关分析、Kendall相关系数分析和主成分分析，对降尘及其20种主要微量元素（Cd、Mo、Nb、Ga、Co、Y、Nd、Li、La、Ni、Rb、V、Ce、Pb、Zr、Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba）进行了源解析。研究结果表明，北京市冬季降尘来源主要由地壳源（包括道路扬尘、建筑扬尘和沙尘远距离传输）和化石燃料燃烧（汽车尾气排放、煤炭燃烧、生物质燃烧和工业过程）组成。
