Lyu Yanli, Liu Lianyou, Guo Lanlan, Yang Yanyan, Qu Zhiqiang, Hu Xia, Zhang Guoming
Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Aug;189(8):390. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6093-1. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from multinatural and anthropogenic sources poses serious risk to human health and contaminates soil and water resources as it settles back to ground environment and ecosystem. In this study, dust deposition flux (DDF), pollution load index (PLI) of heavy metals, enrichment factor (EF), and settling flux (SF) of eighteen chemical elements were investigated in comparison with crustal composition to assess the influence of anthropogenic emission on PM in major northern Chinese cities. The annual DDF in Lanzhou, Huhhot, Beijing, Zhengzhou, and Harbin was 134.7, 240.6, 103.7, 124.7, and 196.7 g m, respectively. The annual EF of Zn in Harbin, Cd in Lanzhou, and Cd in Beijing was 736.4, 248.6, and 166.3, respectively. Most of the inspected elements were enriched during winter in Lanzhou. Annual PLI showed that deposited dust in Beijing had the highest concentration of heavy metals. Seasonal PLI exhibited obvious changes in different cities. The annual SF of crustal elements was 1-5 orders higher than that of heavy metals. The highest annual SF of elements was identified mainly in Lanzhou and Huhhot. Sulfur, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the dustfall of most urban areas were from human activities. Fossil fuel burning, metal smelting, mining, construction, and vehicle exhaust are the major sources of enriched elements in dustfall in urban areas of northern China. Toxic pollutants with dustfall are widespread and persistent, which deserves public concern in future sustainable development.
来自多种自然和人为源的大气颗粒物（PM）对人类健康构成严重风险，并在沉降回地面环境和生态系统时污染土壤和水资源。在本研究中，通过与地壳成分对比，调查了18种化学元素的降尘通量（DDF）、重金属污染负荷指数（PLI）、富集因子（EF）和沉降通量（SF），以评估人为排放对中国北方主要城市PM的影响。兰州、呼和浩特、北京、郑州和哈尔滨的年DDF分别为134.7、240.6、103.7、124.7和196.7 g/m。哈尔滨的锌、兰州的镉和北京的镉的年EF分别为736.4、248.6和166.3。兰州的大多数被检测元素在冬季富集。年PLI表明，北京的降尘中重金属浓度最高。不同城市的季节性PLI呈现出明显变化。地壳元素的年SF比重金属高1 - 5个数量级。元素的最高年SF主要在兰州和呼和浩特被确定。大多数城市地区降尘中的硫、镉、铜、铅和锌来自人类活动。化石燃料燃烧、金属冶炼、采矿、建筑和汽车尾气是中国北方城市地区降尘中富集元素的主要来源。降尘中的有毒污染物广泛存在且持久，这在未来可持续发展中值得公众关注。
