Xiong Qiulin, Zhao Wenji, Zhao Jiayin, Zhao Wenhui, Jiang Lei
Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling Laboratory, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
College of Environmental Sciences and Enginnering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Sep 30;14(10):1159. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101159.
This study aims to investigate the concentration levels, pollution characteristics and the associated potential ecological risks of the heavy metals found in dust in the metropolitan area of Beijing, China during the winter. Dust samples were collected at 49 different spatial locations of Beijing's metropolitan area from November 2013 to January 2014, in which the concentration levels of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, V, Bi and Mo were measured by Elan DRC II type inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Test results showed that the concentrations of dust heavy metals Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn in the urban areas (147.1 mg·kg, 195.9 mg·kg, 239.2 mg·kg and 713.2 mg·kg) were significantly higher than those in the suburbs (91.6 mg·kg, 125.1 mg·kg, 131.9 mg·kg and 514.5 mg·kg). Enrichment factors and the geo-accumulation index were used to describe the pollution characteristics of dust heavy metals in urban and suburban areas. Results indicated that Zn and Cu were moderately polluting in both urban and suburban areas, Cd was severely polluting in urban areas and heavily polluting in the suburbs. Furthermore, potential ecological risk assessment revealed that the degrees of ecological harm of dust heavy metals were very strong in both urban and suburban areas, but especially in urban areas. The potential ecological risk of heavy metal Cd, whose single factor of ecological damage was extremely strong, accounted for about 90% of the total ecological risk.
本研究旨在调查中国北京大都市区冬季灰尘中重金属的浓度水平、污染特征及其相关潜在生态风险。于2013年11月至2014年1月在北京大都市区49个不同空间位置采集灰尘样本，采用Elan DRC II型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定其中Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Co、V、Bi和Mo的浓度水平。测试结果表明，城区灰尘重金属Pb、Cr、Cu和Zn的浓度（分别为147.1 mg·kg、195.9 mg·kg、239.2 mg·kg和713.2 mg·kg）显著高于郊区（分别为91.6 mg·kg、125.1 mg·kg、131.9 mg·kg和514.5 mg·kg）。采用富集因子和地累积指数描述城区和郊区灰尘重金属的污染特征。结果表明，Zn和Cu在城区和郊区均为中度污染，Cd在城区为重度污染，在郊区为中度污染。此外，潜在生态风险评估显示，灰尘重金属在城区和郊区的生态危害程度均很强，但城区尤为严重。生态损害单因子极强的重金属Cd的潜在生态风险约占总生态风险的90%。
