Lawler P E, Schreiber S
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1989 May-Jun;16(3):345-52.
The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is increasing at an alarming rate. Risk factors that may contribute to the increase include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, lack of skin pigmentation, and genetic, hormonal, and immunologic factors. Although the exact nature of the relationship between melanoma and UV radiation is unclear, evidence suggests a correlation between sun exposure and CMM incidence. Caucasians with fair skin who sunburn and freckle easily and individuals with numerous nevi or moles and/or atypical nevi or moles are also at increased risk of CMM. Melanoma almost always is curable by surgery if it is detected early. Nursing can make a major contribution to reducing the morbidity and mortality of CMM both through educating the public in prevention and early detection measures and by screening individuals for suspicious lesions.
皮肤恶性黑色素瘤（CMM）的发病率正以惊人的速度上升。可能导致发病率上升的风险因素包括紫外线（UV）辐射、皮肤色素沉着不足以及遗传、激素和免疫因素。尽管黑色素瘤与紫外线辐射之间的确切关系尚不清楚，但有证据表明日晒与CMM发病率之间存在关联。皮肤白皙、容易晒伤和长雀斑的白种人，以及有大量痣或胎记和/或非典型痣或胎记的个体，患CMM的风险也会增加。如果早期发现，黑色素瘤几乎总能通过手术治愈。护理工作可以通过向公众宣传预防和早期检测措施，以及筛查个体的可疑病变，为降低CMM的发病率和死亡率做出重大贡献。
