de Vries Esther, Coebergh Jan Willem
Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Cancer. 2004 Nov;40(16):2355-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.06.003.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is on the rise in fair skinned societies. Both its incidence and mortality rates have been increasing in Europe over the past decades, the latter seem to stabilise in Scandinavia. The main cause of melanoma is intermittent exposure to ultraviolet radiation, especially in combination with endogenous factors like skin type and genetic predisposition. Evidence on an association between sunbed use and melanoma is inconclusive, but seems to point to a slightly increased risk associated with sunbed use. Within Europe, considerably variation in patterns of melanoma incidence and mortality existed. In this paper, we discuss the possible explanations for the observed trends and options for primary and secondary prevention. Early detection seems the most promising way to combat the relatively poor survival rates in Southern and Eastern Europe.
在肤色浅的人群中，皮肤恶性黑色素瘤的发病率正在上升。在过去几十年里，欧洲的发病率和死亡率都在上升，而在斯堪的纳维亚半岛，后者似乎趋于稳定。黑色素瘤的主要病因是间歇性暴露于紫外线辐射，尤其是与皮肤类型和遗传易感性等内源性因素相结合时。关于使用日光浴床与黑色素瘤之间关联的证据尚无定论，但似乎表明使用日光浴床会略微增加患病风险。在欧洲内部，黑色素瘤的发病率和死亡率模式存在很大差异。在本文中，我们讨论了对观察到的趋势的可能解释以及一级和二级预防的选择。早期发现似乎是应对南欧和东欧相对较低生存率的最有希望的方法。
