Gharbi M, Mhadhbi M, Rejeb A, Jaouadi K, Rouatbi M, Darghouth M A
Rev Sci Tech. 2015 Aug;34(2):613-26. doi: 10.20506/rst.34.2.2384.
The authors present an overview of canine leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum. This protozoan is transmitted by sandflies and the disease is frequently characterised by chronic evolution. Cutaneous and visceral clinical signs appear as the infection progresses. Lymph node enlargement, emaciation and skin lesions are the main signs observed in the classical forms of the disease. Control is difficult since infected dogs remain carriers for years and may relapse at any time. The mass screening of infected animals and their treatment or euthanasia represent the best way to reduce the prevalence of this disease in endemic regions. Further research is needed to improve the efficiency of the vaccines available to protect dogs against infection. This disease is zoonotic; in humans, clinical cases are reported mainly in elderly people, the young and those whose immune systems have been compromised.
作者概述了由婴儿利什曼原虫引起的犬利什曼病。这种原生动物通过白蛉传播，该疾病通常具有慢性病程。随着感染进展，会出现皮肤和内脏的临床症状。淋巴结肿大、消瘦和皮肤病变是该疾病经典形式中观察到的主要症状。由于感染的犬多年来一直是携带者且可能随时复发，所以控制起来很困难。对感染动物进行大规模筛查并对其进行治疗或安乐死是降低流行地区该疾病患病率的最佳方法。需要进一步研究以提高现有疫苗保护犬免受感染的效率。这种疾病是人畜共患病；在人类中，临床病例主要报告于老年人、年轻人以及免疫系统受损者。
