Advances in Equipment and Instrumentation in Laparoscopic Surgery.

The practice of veterinary laparoscopic surgery has grown in the past decade. Surgical devices routinely used in human laparoscopy have become available to the veterinary surgeon, at a cost the veterinary market can bear. This includes electrosurgical generators, access ports, stapling devices, tissue dissectors, and a wide array of laparoscopic handpieces. With the development of the laparoscopic clip applier in the 1990s, laparoscopic cholecystectomy came to be commonly performed in people. During this time, numerous training programs were developed to rapidly bring human surgeons up to speed.