Gomez-Bruton Alejandro, Montero-Marín Jesús, González-Agüero Alejandro, García-Campayo Javier, Moreno Luis A, Casajús Jose A, Vicente-Rodríguez Germán
Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain.
GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain.
Sports Med. 2016 Mar;46(3):365-79. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0427-3.
The effects of swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) have been studied by several researchers, with inconsistent results.
This meta-analysis aims to determine whether systematic swimming training may influence BMD during childhood and adolescence.
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus and ClinicalTrials.gov from the earliest possible year to March 2015, with data extraction and quality assessment performed independently by two researchers following the PRISMA methodology. Swimmers were compared to sedentary controls and to athletes performing highly osteogenic sports. Therefore, a total of two meta-analyses were developed.
Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. Swimmers presented similar BMD values to sedentary controls and lower than other high-impact athletes. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD differences between swimmers and sedentary controls and between swimmers and athletes practicing osteogenic sports appeared to increase with age and favored the non-swimming groups. There were no differences by sex.
While swimming is associated with several health benefits, it does not appear to be an effective sport for improving BMD. Swimmers might be in need of additional osteogenic exercises for increasing BMD values.
几位研究人员对游泳对骨密度(BMD)的影响进行了研究,但结果并不一致。
本荟萃分析旨在确定系统性游泳训练是否会影响儿童和青少年时期的骨密度。
在PubMed、SPORTDiscus和ClinicalTrials.gov上进行了从最早年份到2015年3月的系统性检索,由两名研究人员按照PRISMA方法独立进行数据提取和质量评估。将游泳运动员与久坐不动的对照组以及从事高成骨运动的运动员进行比较。因此,共开展了两项荟萃分析。
14项研究符合纳入标准并被纳入荟萃分析。游泳运动员的骨密度值与久坐不动的对照组相似,但低于其他高冲击力运动的运动员。游泳运动员与久坐不动的对照组之间以及游泳运动员与从事成骨运动的运动员之间,股骨颈和腰椎骨密度的差异似乎随着年龄增长而增加,且有利于非游泳组。按性别无差异。
虽然游泳有诸多健康益处,但它似乎并非提高骨密度的有效运动。游泳运动员可能需要额外的成骨运动来提高骨密度值。