Jeromson Stewart, Gallagher Iain J, Galloway Stuart D R, Hamilton D Lee
Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
Mar Drugs. 2015 Nov 19;13(11):6977-7004. doi: 10.3390/md13116977.
Skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue capable of adapting and mal-adapting to physical activity and diet. The response of skeletal muscle to adaptive stimuli, such as exercise, can be modified by the prior nutritional status of the muscle. The influence of nutrition on skeletal muscle has the potential to substantially impact physical function and whole body metabolism. Animal and cell based models show that omega-3 fatty acids, in particular those of marine origin, can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Furthermore, recent human studies demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin can influence the exercise and nutritional response of skeletal muscle. These studies show that the prior omega-3 status influences not only the metabolic response of muscle to nutrition, but also the functional response to a period of exercise training. Omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin therefore have the potential to alter the trajectory of a number of human diseases including the physical decline associated with aging. We explore the potential molecular mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids may act in skeletal muscle, considering the n-3/n-6 ratio, inflammation and lipidomic remodelling as possible mechanisms of action. Finally, we suggest some avenues for further research to clarify how omega-3 fatty acids may be exerting their biological action in skeletal muscle.
骨骼肌是一种可塑性组织，能够适应或不适应体育活动和饮食。骨骼肌对诸如运动等适应性刺激的反应会受到肌肉先前营养状况的影响。营养对骨骼肌的影响有可能极大地影响身体功能和全身代谢。基于动物和细胞的模型表明，ω-3脂肪酸，尤其是海洋来源的ω-3脂肪酸，能够影响骨骼肌代谢。此外，最近的人体研究表明，海洋来源的ω-3脂肪酸能够影响骨骼肌的运动和营养反应。这些研究表明，先前的ω-3状态不仅会影响肌肉对营养的代谢反应，还会影响对一段时间运动训练的功能反应。因此，海洋来源的ω-3脂肪酸有可能改变许多人类疾病的发展轨迹，包括与衰老相关的身体机能衰退。我们探讨了ω-3脂肪酸可能在骨骼肌中发挥作用的潜在分子机制，将n-3/n-6比值、炎症和脂质组重塑视为可能的作用机制。最后，我们提出了一些进一步研究的途径，以阐明ω-3脂肪酸如何在骨骼肌中发挥其生物学作用。
