Esposito Susanna, Principi Nicola
a Paediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016;10(1):79-87. doi: 10.1586/17476348.2016.1126182. Epub 2015 Dec 19.
Influenza is a common disease affecting many children each year. In a number of cases, particularly in children <2 years old and in those with severe chronic underlying disease, influenza can be complicated by lower respiratory tract infections, acute otitis media, rhinosinusitis, febrile seizures, dehydration or encephalopathy. Oseltamivir is the influenza virus drug that is most commonly studied in children for both the treatment and prevention of influenza. To avoid the risk that children with mild influenza or patients suffering from different viral infections receive oseltamivir, oseltamivir treatment should be recommended only in severe influenza cases, especially if confirmed by reliable laboratory tests. However, therapy must be initiated considering the risk of complications and the presence of severe clinical manifestations at age- and weight-appropriate doses. Because the vaccine remains the best option for preventing influenza and its complications, prophylaxis using oseltamivir should only be considered in select patients.
流感是一种常见疾病，每年影响许多儿童。在许多情况下，特别是在2岁以下儿童和患有严重慢性基础疾病的儿童中，流感可能并发下呼吸道感染、急性中耳炎、鼻-鼻窦炎、热性惊厥、脱水或脑病。奥司他韦是在儿童中最常用于治疗和预防流感的流感病毒药物。为避免轻度流感儿童或患有不同病毒感染的患者使用奥司他韦的风险，仅在严重流感病例中推荐使用奥司他韦治疗，尤其是经可靠实验室检查确诊的病例。然而，必须根据并发症风险以及年龄和体重适宜剂量下严重临床表现的存在情况开始治疗。由于疫苗仍然是预防流感及其并发症的最佳选择，仅应在特定患者中考虑使用奥司他韦进行预防。
