Division for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Nils Koppels Alle, Building 424, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Irstea, UMR ITAP, ELSA-PACT - Industrial Chair for Environmental and Social Sustainability Assessment, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, BP 5095, F-34196 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Jan 5;50(1):269-78. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01625. Epub 2015 Dec 16.
This study is a first attempt to develop globally applicable and spatially differentiated marine comparative toxicity potentials (CTPs) or ecotoxicity characterization factors for metals in coastal seawater for use in life cycle assessment. The toxicity potentials are based exclusively on marine ecotoxicity data and take account of metal speciation and bioavailability. CTPs were developed for nine cationic metals (Cd, Cr(III), Co, Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in 64 large marine ecosystems (LMEs) covering all coastal waters in the world. The results showed that the CTP of a specific metal varies 3-4 orders of magnitude across LMEs, largely due to different seawater residence times. Therefore, the highest toxicity potential for metals was found in the LMEs with the longest seawater residence times. Across metals, the highest CTPs were observed for Cd, Pb, and Zn. At the concentration levels occurring in coastal seawaters, Fe acts not as a toxic agent but as an essential nutrient and thus has CTPs of zero.
本研究首次尝试为沿海海水中的金属开发具有全球适用性和空间差异化的海洋比较毒性潜能（CTP）或生态毒性特征化因子，以用于生命周期评估。这些毒性潜能仅基于海洋生态毒性数据，并考虑了金属形态和生物可利用性。CTP 是针对 64 个大型海洋生态系统（LME）中的九种阳离子金属（Cd、Cr（III）、Co、Cu（II）、Fe（III）、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）开发的，这些 LME 涵盖了世界上所有的沿海水域。结果表明，特定金属的 CTP 在 LME 之间变化了 3-4 个数量级，这主要是由于海水停留时间不同。因此，在海水停留时间最长的 LME 中，金属的毒性潜能最高。在金属方面，Cd、Pb 和 Zn 的 CTP 最高。在沿海海水中出现的浓度水平下，Fe 不作为有毒物质，而是作为必需营养素，因此 CTP 为零。
