Encina-Montoya Francisco, Vega-Aguayo Rolando, Díaz Oscar, Esse Carlos, Nimptsch Jorge, Muñoz-Pedreros Andrés
Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco, Chile.
Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Acuicultura, Núcleo de Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Oct 26;189(11):584. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6297-4.
The suitability of Mazzaella laminarioides and Sarcothalia crispata as heavy metal biomonitors of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn was assessed by comparing bioaccumulation of these elements in different life stages and frond sizes in samples from three locations, San Vicente Bay (industrial area), Coliumo, and Quidico (the latter as a reference station), where different degrees of heavy metal pollution are recorded. Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration factors of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were evaluated. The two macroalgae species showed similar patterns, with higher values of Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in polluted areas. M. laminarioides bioaccumulated higher concentrations of all metals assessed than S. crispata, independent of life stage and frond size. The results also showed significantly higher Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn concentrations (p < 0.05) in water samples from San Vicente Bay than those measured in Coliumo and Quidico. Concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn in San Vicente Bay and Cd, Hg, and Pb in Coliumo and Quidico exceed the mean values considered to represent natural concentrations (Cu = 3.00 μg L; Zn = 5.00 μg L; Pb = 0.03 μg L; Cd = 0.05 μg L; Hg = 0.05 μg L); however, the concentrations recorded do not cause negative effects on the growth and survival of macroalgae. The assessment of heavy metals bioaccumulated in M. laminarioides and S. crispata, particularly Hg, Pb, and Zn, offers a reliable approach for pollution assessment in rocky intertidal environments. Cu and Cd concentrations in seawater samples from San Vicente and Coliumo Bays were significantly higher than in those from Quidico (p value < 0.05); no significant differences in Cd concentrations were observed between San Vicente and Coliumo Bays (p < 0.05). Exceptionally, Cd is bioaccumulated at high levels independent of its availability in the water, thus reaching high concentrations in control areas. High concentrations of metals like Cu and Zn may limit or inhibit Cd uptake in macroalgae, since the transport channels are saturated by some metals, reducing the accumulation of others. These macroalgae species offer good potential for the development of suitable heavy metal pollution survey tools in rocky intertidal environments.
通过比较来自三个地点（圣维森特湾（工业区）、科利乌莫和基迪科（后者作为参考站））的样本中不同生命阶段和藻体大小的这些元素的生物累积情况，评估了海带状礁膜（Mazzaella laminarioides）和皱叶囊链藻（Sarcothalia crispata）作为镉、铜、汞、铅和锌重金属生物监测器的适用性，这三个地点记录了不同程度的重金属污染。评估了镉、铜、汞、铅和锌的生物累积和生物浓缩系数。这两种大型藻类表现出相似的模式，在污染区域铜、汞、铅和锌的值更高。无论生命阶段和藻体大小如何，海带状礁膜对所有评估金属的生物累积浓度都高于皱叶囊链藻。结果还表明，圣维森特湾水样中的铜、汞、铅和锌浓度显著高于科利乌莫和基迪科测量的浓度（p < 0.05）。圣维森特湾的镉、汞、铅和锌浓度以及科利乌莫和基迪科的镉、汞和铅浓度超过了被认为代表自然浓度的平均值（铜 = 3.00 μg/L；锌 = 5.00 μg/L；铅 = 0.03 μg/L；镉 = 0.05 μg/L；汞 = 0.05 μg/L）；然而，记录的浓度对大型藻类的生长和存活没有负面影响。对海带状礁膜和皱叶囊链藻中生物累积的重金属，特别是汞、铅和锌的评估，为岩石潮间带环境中的污染评估提供了一种可靠的方法。圣维森特湾和科利乌莫湾海水样本中的铜和镉浓度显著高于基迪科湾（p值 < 0.05）；圣维森特湾和科利乌莫湾之间的镉浓度没有显著差异（p < 0.05）。例外的是，镉在高水平上被生物累积，与其在水中的可利用性无关，因此在对照区域达到高浓度。高浓度的铜和锌等金属可能会限制或抑制大型藻类对镉的吸收，因为运输通道被一些金属饱和，减少了其他金属的累积。这些大型藻类物种在开发适用于岩石潮间带环境的重金属污染调查工具方面具有良好的潜力。
