Azevedo Suzanna M, Vartanian Lenny R
School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Curr Obes Rep. 2015 Sep;4(3):324-9. doi: 10.1007/s13679-015-0166-7.
Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. Because individual-level interventions have been unsuccessful at curbing obesity rates, there is an emphasis on public health approaches. In addition to testing the effectiveness of any public health interventions, it is important to consider the ethical implications of these interventions in order to protect the public's rights and promote overall well-being. In this paper, we review public health approaches to obesity in three broad domains (changes to the socio-communicative environment, changes to the economic environment, and changes to the physical environment/access) and consider the potential ethical issues that arise in each of those domains. We suggest that interventions that target the physical environment/access (making it easier for people to engage in healthy behaviors), that target the entire population (rather than just individuals with obesity), and that focus on health behaviors (rather than on weight) have the least potential for ethical concerns.
肥胖是全球主要的公共卫生问题。由于个体层面的干预措施在遏制肥胖率方面未能取得成功，因此人们将重点放在公共卫生方法上。除了测试任何公共卫生干预措施的有效性外，考虑这些干预措施的伦理影响以保护公众权利并促进整体福祉也很重要。在本文中，我们回顾了肥胖问题在三个广泛领域（社会交流环境的变化、经济环境的变化以及物理环境/获取途径的变化）的公共卫生方法，并考虑了在每个领域中出现的潜在伦理问题。我们建议，针对物理环境/获取途径（使人们更容易参与健康行为）、针对全体人群（而不仅仅是肥胖个体）以及关注健康行为（而不是体重）的干预措施引发伦理问题的可能性最小。
