Olson Ken E, Blair Carol D
Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Mail Delivery 1692, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Mail Delivery 1692, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2015 Dec;15:119-26. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Dec 6.
Arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses infect hematophagous arthropods (vectors) to maintain virus transmission between vertebrate hosts. The mosquito vector actively controls arbovirus infection to minimize its fitness costs. The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is the major antiviral response vectors use to restrict arbovirus infections. We know this because depleting RNAi gene products profoundly impacts arbovirus replication, the antiviral RNAi pathway genes undergo positive, diversifying selection and arboviruses have evolved strategies to evade the vector's RNAi responses. The vector's RNAi defense and arbovirus countermeasures lead to an arms race that prevents potential virus-induced fitness costs yet maintains arbovirus infections needed for transmission. This review will discuss the latest findings in RNAi-arbovirus interactions in the model insect (Drosophila melanogaster) and in specific mosquito vectors.
节肢动物传播的（虫媒）病毒感染吸血节肢动物（载体），以维持病毒在脊椎动物宿主之间的传播。蚊子载体积极控制虫媒病毒感染，以尽量减少其适应性成本。RNA干扰（RNAi）途径是载体用于限制虫媒病毒感染的主要抗病毒反应。我们之所以知道这一点，是因为耗尽RNAi基因产物会深刻影响虫媒病毒复制，抗病毒RNAi途径基因经历正向、多样化选择，并且虫媒病毒已经进化出逃避载体RNAi反应的策略。载体的RNAi防御和虫媒病毒对策导致了一场军备竞赛，既能防止潜在的病毒诱导适应性成本，又能维持传播所需的虫媒病毒感染。本综述将讨论模式昆虫（黑腹果蝇）和特定蚊子载体中RNAi与虫媒病毒相互作用的最新发现。
