Miesen Pascal, Joosten Joep, van Rij Ronald P
Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
PLoS Pathog. 2016 Dec 29;12(12):e1006017. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006017. eCollection 2016 Dec.
Vector mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of the majority of arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses. Virus replication in these vectors needs to be sufficiently high to permit efficient virus transfer to vertebrate hosts. The mosquito immune response therefore is a key determinant for arbovirus transmission. Mosquito antiviral immunity is primarily mediated by the small interfering RNA pathway. Besides this well-established antiviral machinery, the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway processes viral RNA into piRNAs. In recent years, significant progress has been made in characterizing the biogenesis and function of these viral piRNAs. In this review, we discuss these developments, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest directions for future research.
媒介蚊子是大多数节肢动物传播（虫媒）病毒的传播媒介。病毒在这些媒介中的复制需要足够高，以允许有效地将病毒传播给脊椎动物宿主。因此，蚊子的免疫反应是虫媒病毒传播的关键决定因素。蚊子的抗病毒免疫主要由小干扰RNA途径介导。除了这种成熟的抗病毒机制外，PIWI相互作用RNA（piRNA）途径还将病毒RNA加工成piRNA。近年来，在表征这些病毒piRNA的生物发生和功能方面取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些进展，找出了知识空白，并提出了未来研究的方向。
