Conte S, Faucitano L, Bergeron R, Torrey S, Gonyou H W, Crowe T, Tamminga E Toth, Widowski T M
J Anim Sci. 2015 Dec;93(12):5840-8. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-9338.
Two experiments were done to assess the effects of season, truck type, and location in the truck on the gastrointestinal tract temperature (GTT) of market-weight pigs during transport. In Exp. 1, a total of 504 sentinel pigs were selected from a total load of 3,756 pigs over 12 wk in summer or winter and transported in either a double-decked (DD) hydraulic truck or a pot-belly (PB) trailer for 2 h. In Exp. 2, a total of 330 sentinel pigs were selected from a total load of 2,145 pigs over 11 wk in summer or winter and transported in a PB trailer for 8 h. In both experiments, sentinel pigs were equipped with a temperature data logger for the real-time GTT recording from the farm to slaughter. Transport was divided into 8 periods in Exp. 1 (rest, pretravel, initial travel, prearrival 1, prearrival 2, unloading, lairage 1, and lairage 2) and in Exp. 2 (rest, pretravel 1, pretravel 2, travel, prearrival 1, prearrival 2, lairage 1, and lairage 2). A delta GTT (ΔGTT) was calculated as the difference between the measured GTT at any determined event and the GTT measured at rest. In Exp. 1, the ΔGTT of pigs was greater ( < 0.001) in summer than in winter and only during the pretravel and initial travel periods. No difference was observed in the ΔGTT between the 2 truck types ( > 0.10). In summer, pigs located in the front top and rear top compartments of the PB trailer presented greater ( < 0.05) ΔGTT values than those transported in the middle top and front belly compartments during initial travel. In summer, during prearrival 1 and 2, a greater ( < 0.05) loss of GTT was found in pigs located in the rear top compartment of the DD truck compared with the rear lower compartment and in the front middle compartment compared with the rear middle compartment of the PB trailer. In Exp. 2, the ΔGTT of pigs was greater ( = 0.03) in summer than in winter during pretravel 2. Pigs in the front top compartment had a greater ( < 0.05) ΔGTT compared with pigs in the middle top, lower deck, and front belly compartments during the pretravel periods. Based on the results of the 2 experiments, modifications of the PB trailer model are recommended to limit body temperature increase due to physical stress at loading and unloading, and during transport due to inconsistent ventilation rate across vehicle locations.
进行了两项试验，以评估季节、卡车类型以及猪在卡车中的位置对上市体重猪运输期间胃肠道温度（GTT）的影响。在试验1中，从夏季或冬季12周内总计3756头猪中挑选出504头哨兵猪，用双层（DD）液压卡车或大肚（PB）拖车运输2小时。在试验2中，从夏季或冬季11周内总计2145头猪中挑选出330头哨兵猪，用PB拖车运输8小时。在两项试验中，哨兵猪均配备温度数据记录器，用于从农场到屠宰场实时记录GTT。试验1（休息、运输前、初始运输、到达前1、到达前2、卸载、待宰1和待宰2）和试验2（休息、运输前1、运输前2、运输、到达前1、到达前2、待宰1和待宰2）的运输过程均分为8个阶段。计算ΔGTT（GTT变化值），即任何确定事件时测得的GTT与休息时测得的GTT之间的差值。在试验1中，猪的ΔGTT在夏季高于冬季（P<0.001），且仅在运输前和初始运输阶段。两种卡车类型的ΔGTT之间未观察到差异（P>0.10）。在夏季，初始运输期间，位于PB拖车前部顶部和后部顶部隔层的猪的ΔGTT值高于位于中间顶部和前部腹部隔层的猪（P<0.05）。在夏季，到达前1和2期间，与DD卡车后部下部隔层相比，位于DD卡车后部顶部隔层的猪的GTT损失更大（P<0.05）；与PB拖车后部中间隔层相比，位于PB拖车前部中间隔层的猪的GTT损失更大（P<0.05）。在试验2中，运输前2期间，猪的ΔGTT在夏季高于冬季（P = 0.03）。运输前阶段，位于前部顶部隔层的猪的ΔGTT高于位于中间顶部、下层和前部腹部隔层的猪（P<0.05）。基于两项试验的结果，建议对PB拖车模型进行改进，以限制因装卸时的物理应激以及运输期间车辆不同位置通风率不一致导致的体温升高。
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