GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven and De Kempen, P.O. Box 909, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, SEARCH, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven and De Kempen, P.O. Box 909, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, SEARCH, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Eur Psychiatry. 2015 Nov;30(8):900-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.004. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
Interventions based on the experience sampling method (ESM) are ideally suited to provide insight into personal, contextualized affective patterns in the flow of daily life. Recently, we showed that an ESM-intervention focusing on positive affect was associated with a decrease in symptoms in patients with depression. The aim of the present study was to examine whether ESM-intervention increased patient empowerment.
Depressed out-patients (n=102) receiving psychopharmacological treatment who had participated in a randomized controlled trial with three arms: (i) an experimental group receiving six weeks of ESM self-monitoring combined with weekly feedback sessions, (ii) a pseudo-experimental group participating in six weeks of ESM self-monitoring without feedback, and (iii) a control group (treatment as usual only). Patients were recruited in the Netherlands between January 2010 and February 2012. Self-report empowerment scores were obtained pre- and post-intervention.
There was an effect of group×assessment period, indicating that the experimental (B=7.26, P=0.061, d=0.44, statistically imprecise) and pseudo-experimental group (B=11.19, P=0.003, d=0.76) increased more in reported empowerment compared to the control group. In the pseudo-experimental group, 29% of the participants showed a statistically reliable increase in empowerment score and 0% reliable decrease compared to 17% reliable increase and 21% reliable decrease in the control group. The experimental group showed 19% reliable increase and 4% reliable decrease.
These findings tentatively suggest that self-monitoring to complement standard antidepressant treatment may increase patients' feelings of empowerment. Further research is necessary to investigate long-term empowering effects of self-monitoring in combination with person-tailored feedback.
基于经验采样法（ESM）的干预措施非常适合提供对日常生活中个人、情境化情感模式的深入了解。最近，我们表明，关注积极情绪的 ESM 干预与抑郁症患者症状的减轻有关。本研究的目的是检验 ESM 干预是否能增强患者的赋权感。
接受精神药理学治疗的抑郁门诊患者（n=102）参加了一项三臂随机对照试验：（i）实验组接受六周的 ESM 自我监测，结合每周的反馈会议；（ii）假性实验组接受六周的 ESM 自我监测，但没有反馈；（iii）对照组（仅常规治疗）。患者于 2010 年 1 月至 2012 年 2 月在荷兰招募。在干预前后获得自我报告的赋权感评分。
存在组×评估期的交互效应，表明实验组（B=7.26，P=0.061，d=0.44，统计学上不精确）和假性实验组（B=11.19，P=0.003，d=0.76）的赋权感评分增加比对照组更多。在假性实验组中，29%的参与者的赋权感评分增加具有统计学上的可靠性，而 0%的参与者下降具有统计学上的可靠性，而对照组中，17%的参与者增加具有统计学上的可靠性，21%的参与者下降具有统计学上的可靠性。实验组中，19%的参与者增加具有统计学上的可靠性，4%的参与者下降具有统计学上的可靠性。
这些发现初步表明，自我监测作为标准抗抑郁治疗的补充可能会增加患者的赋权感。需要进一步研究来探讨自我监测与个性化反馈相结合的长期赋权效果。
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