Velayati Ali Akbar, Rahideh Sanaz, Nezhad Zahra Derakhshani, Farnia Parissa, Mirsaeidi Mehdi
Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
Int J Mycobacteriol. 2015 Mar;4(1):7-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.12.005. Epub 2015 Jan 10.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a diverse group of bacterial species that are distributed in the environment. Many of these environmental bacteria can cause disease in humans. The identification of NTM in environmental sources is important for both clinical and epidemiological purposes. In this study, the distribution of NTM species from environmental and clinical samples in the Middle East was reviewed. In order to provide an overview of NTM, as well as recent epidemiological trends, all studies addressing NTM in the Middle East from 1984 to 2014 were reviewed. A total of 96 articles were found, in which 1751 NTM strains were isolated and 1084 of which were obtained from clinical samples, 619 from environmental samples and 48 were cited by case reports. Mycobacterium fortuitum was the most common rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM) isolated from both clinical (269 out of 447 RGM; 60.1%) and environmental (135 out of 289 RGM; 46.7%) samples. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was the most common slow growing mycobacteria (SGM) isolated from clinical samples (140 out of 637 SGM; 21.9%). An increasing trend in NTM isolation from the Middle East was noted over the last 5years. This review demonstrates the increasing concern regarding NTM disease in the Middle East, emphasizing the need for regional collaboration and coordination in order to respond appropriately.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）是一类分布于环境中的多种细菌。这些环境细菌中的许多都可导致人类疾病。从环境来源中鉴定NTM对于临床和流行病学目的均很重要。在本研究中，回顾了中东地区环境样本和临床样本中NTM菌种的分布情况。为了概述NTM以及近期的流行病学趋势，对1984年至2014年期间中东地区所有涉及NTM的研究进行了回顾。共找到96篇文章，其中分离出1751株NTM菌株，其中1084株来自临床样本，619株来自环境样本，48株被病例报告引用。偶然分枝杆菌是从临床样本（447株快速生长分枝杆菌中的269株；60.1%）和环境样本（289株快速生长分枝杆菌中的135株；46.7%）中分离出的最常见的快速生长分枝杆菌（RGM）。鸟分枝杆菌复合群（MAC）是从临床样本中分离出的最常见的缓慢生长分枝杆菌（SGM）（637株缓慢生长分枝杆菌中的140株；21.9%）。在过去5年中，中东地区NTM分离呈上升趋势。本综述表明中东地区对NTM疾病的关注度不断增加，强调需要进行区域合作与协调以便做出适当应对。
