Sugai Takuro, Suzuki Yutaro, Yamazaki Manabu, Shimoda Kazutaka, Mori Takao, Ozeki Yuji, Matsuda Hiroshi, Sugawara Norio, Yasui-Furukori Norio, Minami Yoshitake, Okamoto Kurefu, Sagae Toyoaki, Someya Toshiyuki
Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology, Tokyo, Japan.
Japan Psychiatric Hospital Association, Tokyo, Japan.
BMJ Open. 2015 Dec 9;5(12):e008720. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008720.
To clarify the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity, and laboratory data for nutritional status in Japanese outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia.
Cross-sectional study.
A questionnaire conducted in inpatient and outpatient facilities in Japan.
The population of adult patients with schizophrenia in Japan (N=23,116).
The prevalence of underweight and undernutrition in Japanese inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia.
We conducted a large-scale investigation of the prevalence of underweight and undernutrition in 520 outpatient facilities and 247 inpatient facilities belonging to the Japan Psychiatric Hospitals Association between January 2012 and July 2013. There were 7655 outpatients and 15,461 inpatients with schizophrenia. There was a significant difference in the distribution of three body mass index levels between outpatients and inpatients (p<0.001). The proportion of underweight inpatients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than that among outpatients (p<0.001). Age-specific analysis revealed that the proportion of underweight individuals aged ≥ 40 years was higher in inpatients than in outpatients and in the general Japanese population. The proportion of individuals with hypocholesterolaemia was significantly higher in inpatients with schizophrenia than in outpatients (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the severity of underweight between outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia; the proportion of severe underweight in inpatients was twofold higher than in outpatients.
The prevalence of underweight and undernutrition in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia was higher than in outpatients and the general population. Therefore, the physical risk of inpatients should be carefully considered in clinical practice.
明确日本精神分裂症门诊和住院患者中体重过轻及超重/肥胖的患病率，以及营养状况的实验室数据。
横断面研究。
在日本的住院和门诊机构进行问卷调查。
日本成年精神分裂症患者群体（N = 23116）。
日本精神分裂症门诊和住院患者中体重过轻及营养不良的患病率。
2012年1月至2013年7月期间，我们对日本精神病医院协会下属的520家门诊机构和247家住院机构中体重过轻及营养不良的患病率进行了大规模调查。共有7655名门诊精神分裂症患者和15461名住院精神分裂症患者。门诊和住院患者的三个体重指数水平分布存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。精神分裂症住院患者中体重过轻的比例显著高于门诊患者（p < 0.001）。按年龄分析显示，40岁及以上精神分裂症住院患者中体重过轻的比例高于门诊患者及日本普通人群。精神分裂症住院患者中低胆固醇血症患者的比例显著高于门诊患者（p < 0.001）。精神分裂症门诊和住院患者体重过轻的严重程度存在显著差异；住院患者中重度体重过轻的比例是门诊患者的两倍。
日本精神分裂症住院患者中体重过轻及营养不良的患病率高于门诊患者及普通人群。因此，临床实践中应仔细考虑住院患者的身体风险。
