Jang An-Soo, Jun Young Joon, Park Moo Kyun
aDivision of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Bucheon bDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Gumi cDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Feb;16(1):13-7. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000235.
We discuss the effects of air pollutants on upper airway disease; the topic has hitherto received little attention.
Several epidemiological studies have shown that air pollutants aggravate airway diseases including asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Pollutants also have negative effects on other upper airway diseases such as allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. Traffic-related air pollutants (diesel exhaust particles and nitrogen dioxide and tobacco smoke) have been widely studied in this context. Increasing evidence suggests that particulate matter, photochemical pollutants, and ozone are associated with such conditions. Young children and the obese are more vulnerable. Work in vivo and in vitro has explored the relationships between pollutants and disease, and possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and inflammation are all in play.
Traffic-derived materials and tobacco smoke are major air pollutants that aggravate upper airway disease. Novel mechanisms of action have been suggested and risk factors have been defined. However, the data are conflicting, and controlled prospective studies are required.
我们讨论空气污染物对上呼吸道疾病的影响；该主题迄今为止很少受到关注。
多项流行病学研究表明，空气污染物会加重包括哮喘、支气管炎和慢性阻塞性肺疾病在内的气道疾病。污染物对其他上呼吸道疾病如变应性和非变应性鼻炎、鼻窦炎和中耳炎也有负面影响。在这方面，与交通相关的空气污染物（柴油尾气颗粒、二氧化氮和烟草烟雾）已得到广泛研究。越来越多的证据表明，颗粒物、光化学污染物和臭氧与此类疾病有关。幼儿和肥胖者更容易受到影响。体内和体外研究探讨了污染物与疾病之间的关系以及可能的病理生理机制。活性氧、细胞凋亡和炎症都在起作用。
交通衍生物质和烟草烟雾是加重上呼吸道疾病的主要空气污染物。已提出新的作用机制并确定了风险因素。然而，数据相互矛盾，需要进行对照前瞻性研究。
