Mueller-Eckhardt C, Kiefel V, Santoso S
Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Blut. 1989 Jul;59(1):35-43. doi: 10.1007/BF00320246.
The detection of platelet antigens and platelet antibodies has always been difficult. Recent technical achievements are due to the availability of more specific and sensitive reagents (i.e. F(ab)2 fragments; higher specific activity of labels; monoclonal antibodies directed against platelet membrane constituents etc.) and the application of advanced immunological assays to platelet immunology (i.e. blotting assays, "capture"-ELISA's and radioimmunoprecipitation in conjunction with SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). These techniques have permitted the definition and immuno-chemical characterization of new platelet allo- and autoantigens, have assisted in clinical diagnosis and promoted our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. Illustrative examples are presented and discussed.
血小板抗原和血小板抗体的检测一直都很困难。近期的技术成果得益于更特异、更灵敏试剂的出现（如F(ab)2片段；更高比活性的标记物；针对血小板膜成分的单克隆抗体等）以及先进免疫分析方法在血小板免疫学中的应用（如印迹分析、“捕获”酶联免疫吸附测定法以及与十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳相结合的放射免疫沉淀法）。这些技术使得新的血小板同种异体抗原和自身抗原得以明确和进行免疫化学特性鉴定，有助于临床诊断并增进了我们对致病机制的理解。文中给出并讨论了一些实例。
