“停止吃棒棒糖并多做运动”：一项关于儿童饮食节制和运动减肥意识发展的前瞻性定性研究。
"Stop eating lollies and do lots of sports": a prospective qualitative study of the development of children's awareness of dietary restraint and exercise to lose weight.
作者信息
Rodgers Rachel F, Wertheim Eleanor H, Damiano Stephanie R, Gregg Karen J, Paxton Susan J
机构信息
Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
Laboratoire de Stress Traumatique, EA 4560, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
出版信息
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015 Dec 15;12:155. doi: 10.1186/s12966-015-0318-x.
BACKGROUND
Beliefs surrounding the usefulness of dietary restriction and physical activity as means of body shape and size modification is already present in children as young as 5-years-old, and these beliefs may increase the risk of unhealthy weight control behaviours later in life. To date, however, little is known regarding the development of these beliefs in younger children. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to explore young (aged 3- to 5-years old) children's conceptualisations of dietary restriction and physical activity as means to change body size using a prospective approach.
METHODS
A sample of 259 children (116 boys, 143 girls) participated in interviews at 3-, 4- and 5-years-old. Participants were shown silhouette figures of a child of their gender and age. Their responses to questions regarding how the figure could return to a previous thinner shape were qualitatively coded using thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Children's responses revealed that while, for a subsample, modifications of food, eating, and exercise patterns were the most salient ideas, a number of other mechanisms of body change were also suggested. Responses also evidenced adoption or awareness of stigmatising attitudes towards overweight individuals (over 15% by age 5). The proportion of children demonstrating an awareness of dietary restriction and physical exercise as methods for body size change increased significantly at each time point. While only 4.2% demonstrated dieting awareness at 3-years-old, this proportion had risen to almost 28% by 5-years-old (p < .001). Similarly, the proportion of children aware of exercise as a body change strategy rose from 2.3 to 16.3% (p < .001), with 22% of 5-year-olds mentioning general physical activity as a strategy. No gender differences were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Awareness of dietary restriction and physical exercise as strategies for weight loss and body change emerges as young as 3-years-old, and significantly increases from 3- to 5-years-old. Interventions aiming to promote healthy means of weight control and obesity prevention should consider that certain attitudes may already be present in very young children.
背景
围绕饮食限制和体育活动作为改变体型和大小手段的观念在5岁的儿童中就已存在，而这些观念可能会增加日后出现不健康体重控制行为的风险。然而，迄今为止，对于年幼儿童这些观念的发展情况知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是采用前瞻性方法，探究3至5岁幼儿对饮食限制和体育活动作为改变体型手段的概念理解。
方法
259名儿童（116名男孩，143名女孩）参与了3岁、4岁和5岁时的访谈。向参与者展示与其性别和年龄相同的儿童轮廓图。使用主题分析法对他们关于如何使该轮廓图恢复到之前较瘦体型的问题回答进行定性编码。
结果
儿童的回答显示，对于一个子样本而言，改变食物、饮食和运动模式是最突出的想法，但也提出了一些其他身体变化机制。回答还表明，对超重个体存在污名化态度或意识（5岁时超过15%）。在每个时间点，将饮食限制和体育锻炼视为改变体型方法的儿童比例显著增加。虽然3岁时只有4.2%的儿童表现出节食意识，但到5岁时这一比例已上升至近28%（p < 0.001）。同样，将运动视为身体变化策略的儿童比例从2.3%上升至16.3%（p < 0.001），22%的5岁儿童提到一般体育活动是一种策略。未发现性别差异。
结论
将饮食限制和体育锻炼作为减肥和身体变化策略的意识在3岁时就已出现，并在3至5岁时显著增加。旨在促进健康体重控制和预防肥胖的干预措施应考虑到，年幼儿童可能已经存在某些态度。
Zotero 插件