Robbins Blaine G
University of California, Berkeley, United States.
Soc Sci Res. 2016 Jan;55:16-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.09.004. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
When people form beliefs about the trustworthiness of others with respect to particular matters (i.e., when individuals trust), theory suggests that they rely on preexistent cognitive schemas regarding the general cooperativeness of individuals and organizations (i.e., social trust). In spite of prior work, the impact of social trust on relational trust-or what Russell Hardin (2002) calls trust as a three-part relation where actor A trusts actor B with reference to matter Y-is not well established. Four vignette experiments were administered to Amazon.com Mechanical Turk workers (N = 1388 and N = 1419) and to public university undergraduate students (N = 995 and N = 956) in order to investigate the relationship between social trust and relational trust. Measures of general social trust and particular social trust produced statistically equivalent effects that were positively associated with relational trust. Political trust, however, was statistically unrelated to relational trust. These results support the idea that people rely on schemas and stereotypes concerned with the general cooperativeness and helpfulness of others when forming beliefs about another person's trustworthiness with respect to a particular matter at hand.
当人们就特定事项形成关于他人可信度的信念时（即当个体产生信任时），理论表明他们会依赖于关于个体和组织总体合作性的既有认知图式（即社会信任）。尽管有先前的研究，但社会信任对关系信任的影响——或者如拉塞尔·哈丁（2002年）所称的作为三方关系的信任，即行动者A参照事项Y信任行动者B——尚未得到充分证实。对亚马逊土耳其机器人平台的工人（N = 1388和N = 1419）以及公立大学本科生（N = 995和N = 956）进行了四项 vignette 实验，以研究社会信任与关系信任之间的关系。一般社会信任和特定社会信任的测量产生了在统计上等效的效果，且与关系信任呈正相关。然而，政治信任在统计上与关系信任无关。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即人们在就手头特定事项形成关于他人可信度的信念时，会依赖与他人总体合作性和乐于助人相关的图式和刻板印象。
